Hao X D, van Loosdrecht M C M
The R & D Centre for Sustainable Environmental Biotechnology, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 1 Zhanlanguan Rd., Beijing 100044, P. R. China.
Water Sci Technol. 2003;48(1):77-85.
Water problems have to be solved in an integrated way, and sustainability has become a major issue. For this reason, developing more sustainable wastewater treatment processes is needed. New discoveries and good understanding on microbial conversions of nitrogen and phosphorus make more sustainable processes possible. New options for decentralized sustainable sanitation are generally compared to conventional sewage systems, we think that for a proper comparison also innovative centralized treatment schemes should be evaluated. In this article, a more sustainable WWTP is proposed for municipal wastewater treatment, mainly based on the principles of denitrifying dephosphatation and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX). The proposed system consists of a first stage of the A/B process in which maximal sludge production is achieved. In this way, COD is regained as sludge for methanation. The following BCFS and CANON processes can remove N and P with minimal or no COD need. As a potential fertiliser, struvite can easily be removed from the sludge water by adding magnesium compounds. A case study is done on the basis of the mass balance over the proposed plant. The effluent from the system has a good quality to be recycled. This could also make a contribution to meeting the world's water needs and lessening the impact on the world's water environment. Since all the separate units are already applied or tested on pilot-scale, no problems for technical implementation are foreseen.
水问题必须以综合方式解决，可持续性已成为一个主要问题。因此，需要开发更具可持续性的废水处理工艺。对氮和磷的微生物转化的新发现和深入理解使更具可持续性的工艺成为可能。分散式可持续卫生设施的新选择通常与传统污水系统进行比较，我们认为为了进行恰当比较，还应评估创新的集中处理方案。本文提出了一种更具可持续性的城市污水处理厂，主要基于反硝化除磷和厌氧氨氧化（ANAMMOX）原理。所提议的系统包括A/B工艺的第一阶段，在该阶段实现最大污泥产量。通过这种方式，化学需氧量（COD）以污泥形式回收用于甲烷化。接下来的BCFS和CANON工艺可以在对COD需求最小或无需COD的情况下去除氮和磷。作为一种潜在肥料，通过添加镁化合物可以很容易地从污泥水中去除鸟粪石。基于所提议工厂的质量平衡进行了案例研究。该系统的出水水质良好，可进行回收利用。这也有助于满足全球水资源需求并减轻对全球水环境的影响。由于所有单独的单元都已在中试规模上应用或测试过，预计不会出现技术实施方面的问题。
