Drummond James L, Cailas Michael D, Croke Kevin
Department Restorative Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612-7212, USA.
J Dent. 2003 Sep;31(7):493-501. doi: 10.1016/s0300-5712(03)00083-6.
The main objective of this study was to quantify the total amount of amalgam used in dental offices in the state of Illinois and to estimate the fractions of amalgam waste material generated during dental procedures. A second objective was to estimate the fractions of non-contact, contact, and tooth retained amalgam through an in vitro study.
The collection system consisted of containers placed in six dental offices and clinics to collect the material from the in-line trap (contact amalgam) and the excess dental amalgam not placed into the oral cavity (non-contact amalgam). In order to have comparable results, the data was adjusted by the number of dental chairs being used and the number of working days.
The range for the non-contact amalgam was from 0 to 102 g, and for the contact amalgam, from 2 to 16 g. The median estimate of non-contact amalgam generated from the 6 dental offices was 421 mg/day/chair, whereas the median estimate of contact amalgam was 64 mg/day/chair. For the in vitro study, 40 one and two surface amalgams (bicuspids and molars), was distributed as follows, 46+/-20% in the tooth, 43+/-19% as non-contact amalgam, and 11+/-4% as contact amalgam.
Based on survey data from the ADA concerning the number of working days per year, the number of practicing dentists, a 50%, by weight, mercury content in amalgam, and the generation estimates from this project, it was estimated that the practicing dentists in the State of Illinois (6455) have the potential to generate 947 kg of non-contact mercury per year, which is recyclable, and 144 kg of contact mercury which has the potential to be discarded in the environment, or be partially recycled. If this approach is applied to the total population of practicing dentist in the United States (123,641), then 18,159 kg of recyclable, non-contact mercury may be generated per year, whereas 2763 kg of contact mercury may be discarded in the environment, or be partially recycled.
本研究的主要目的是量化伊利诺伊州牙科诊所使用的汞合金总量，并估算牙科手术过程中产生的汞合金废料比例。第二个目的是通过体外研究估算非接触、接触和留存于牙齿中的汞合金比例。
收集系统由放置在六个牙科诊所的容器组成，用于收集来自在线捕集器的材料（接触汞合金）和未放入口腔的多余牙科汞合金（非接触汞合金）。为了获得可比结果，数据按使用的牙科治疗椅数量和工作日数量进行了调整。
非接触汞合金的范围为0至102克，接触汞合金的范围为2至16克。六个牙科诊所产生的非接触汞合金的中位数估计为421毫克/天/治疗椅，而接触汞合金的中位数估计为64毫克/天/治疗椅。对于体外研究，40个单表面和双表面汞合金（双尖牙和磨牙）的分布如下：46±20%留存于牙齿中，43±19%为非接触汞合金，11±4%为接触汞合金。
根据美国牙科协会关于每年工作日数量、执业牙医数量、汞合金中汞含量按重量计为50%以及本项目的产生量估计的数据，估计伊利诺伊州的执业牙医（6455人）每年有可能产生947千克可回收的非接触汞，以及144千克可能被丢弃到环境中或部分回收的接触汞。如果将这种方法应用于美国执业牙医的总人口（123641人），那么每年可能产生18159千克可回收的非接触汞，而2763千克接触汞可能被丢弃到环境中或部分回收。
