Durand A, Serment G
Faculté de pharmacie, 27, boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France.
Ann Readapt Med Phys. 2003 Jul;46(6):386-8. doi: 10.1016/s0168-6054(03)00131-4.
Botulinum toxins (A and B) are neurotoxins derived from Clostridium botulinum. Clostridium are anaerobic bacteria. C. botulinum produces exotoxins (A to G) with distinct antigenicities. The neurotoxins inhibit the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine from the axon terminals of motor neurons. Botulinum toxin is officially used in clinic for the treatment of muscular hyperactivity (strabismus, blepharospam, cervical dystonia). Botulinum toxins are also used in non recognized clinical applications: neurogenic incontinence, palmar and axillary hyperhidrosis, chronic anal fissure. The respective formulations of Botox, Dysport and Neurobloc are described. Special considerations for administration are introduced.
肉毒杆菌毒素（A 型和 B 型）是由肉毒梭菌产生的神经毒素。梭菌属为厌氧菌。肉毒梭菌产生具有不同抗原性的外毒素（A 至 G 型）。这些神经毒素会抑制运动神经元轴突末梢释放神经递质乙酰胆碱。肉毒杆菌毒素在临床上正式用于治疗肌肉活动亢进（斜视、眼睑痉挛、颈部肌张力障碍）。肉毒杆菌毒素还用于未经认可的临床应用：神经源性尿失禁、手掌和腋窝多汗症、慢性肛裂。文中描述了保妥适、衡力和乐提葆的各自配方。还介绍了给药的特殊注意事项。
