Straube A
Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum der Universität, LMU München, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, München, Deutschland.
Internist (Berl). 2017 Dec;58(12):1332-1340. doi: 10.1007/s00108-017-0323-z.
Botulinum toxin has been known in medical history for a long time. The first scientific investigations and thoughts on possible indications in the treatment of muscular disorders were published by the German physician and poet Justinus Kerner in 1822. The physiological effect of botulinum toxin was identified in the middle of the twentieth century and the first clinical use was reported in 1977. It was first used in ophthalmology for the correction of strabismus and some years later the therapy of blepharospasm and cervical dystonia was established. Further indications, all supported by randomized controlled studies, are spastic tone increase of the limbs after lesions of the central nervous system, idiopathic axillar hyperhidrosis, chronic migraine and neurogenic or idiopathic bladder hyperactivity. In addition to these indications, a large number of further possible options have been published in the literature. Beside its effect on transmission at the neuromuscular synapses, botulinum toxin has also been shown to affect the sensory transmission of nociceptive fibers.
肉毒杆菌毒素在医学史上已为人所知良久。1822年，德国医生兼诗人贾斯蒂努斯·克erner发表了关于肌肉疾病治疗可能适应症的首次科学研究和思考。肉毒杆菌毒素的生理作用在20世纪中叶被确定，1977年报道了其首次临床应用。它最初用于眼科治疗斜视，几年后确立了对眼睑痉挛和颈部肌张力障碍的治疗方法。其他适应症均有随机对照研究支持，包括中枢神经系统损伤后肢体痉挛性肌张力增高、特发性腋窝多汗症、慢性偏头痛以及神经源性或特发性膀胱活动亢进。除了这些适应症外，文献中还发表了大量其他可能的应用选择。除了对神经肌肉突触传递的影响外，肉毒杆菌毒素还被证明会影响伤害性纤维的感觉传递。
