Hiebert Sara M, Burch Elliot
Biology Department, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania 19081, USA.
Adv Physiol Educ. 2003 Dec;27(1-4):130-45. doi: 10.1152/advan.00045.2002.
Laboratory exercises in which students examine the human diving response are widely used in high school and college biology courses despite the experience of some instructors that the response is unreliably produced in the classroom. Our experience with this exercise demonstrates that the bradycardia associated with the diving response is a robust effect that can easily be measured by students without any sophisticated measurement technology. We discuss measures that maximize the success of the exercise by reducing individual variation, designing experiments that are minimally affected by change in the response over time, collecting data in appropriate time increments, and applying the most powerful statistical analysis. Emphasis is placed on pedagogical opportunities for using this exercise to teach general principles of physiology, experimental design, and data analysis. Data collected by students, background information for instructors, a discussion of the relevance of the diving reflex to humans, suggestions for additional experiments, and thought questions with sample answers are included.
尽管一些教师认为在课堂上难以可靠地引发该反应，但让学生观察人体潜水反应的实验练习在高中和大学的生物课程中仍被广泛使用。我们进行这个实验的经验表明，与潜水反应相关的心动过缓是一种强烈的效应，学生无需任何复杂的测量技术就能轻松测量。我们讨论了一些措施，通过减少个体差异、设计受反应随时间变化影响最小的实验、以适当的时间增量收集数据以及应用最强大的统计分析，来最大限度地提高实验的成功率。重点在于利用这个实验来教授生理学、实验设计和数据分析的一般原则的教学机会。文中包含了学生收集的数据、给教师的背景信息、关于潜水反射与人类相关性的讨论、额外实验的建议以及带有示例答案的思考问题。
