Taneja N, Maharwal S, Sharma M
Department of Medical Microbiology, PGIMER, Chandigarh-160012, India.
Indian J Med Sci. 2003 Jul;57(7):294-9.
Nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli (nonfermenters) have emerged as important nosocomial pathogens causing opportunistic infections in immunocompromised hosts. These organisms show high level of resistance to b-lactam agents, fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides. Imipenem is a carbapenem antibiotic, which can be very useful for treatment of infections caused by nonfermenters. Eighty-five nonfermenters causing nosocomial UTI were tested for MIC to imipenem by agar dilution method. Resistance to other antimicrobial agents was compared between imipenem sensitive (S) and resistance (R) groups. Overall 36.4% of nonfermenters were resistant to imipenem. Forty two percent of P. aeruginosa and 18.5% of Acinetobacter baumanii were imipenem resistant. Other nonfermenters showed variable resistance, resistance in Alcaligenes spp. being very high. More than 70% of the nonfermenters were resistant to ceftazidime, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin. Piperacillin and amikacin had the best in vitro susceptibility. No significant difference was found in the antibiotic susceptibility profile among imipenem sensitive (S) or resistant (R) strains.
非发酵革兰氏阴性杆菌（非发酵菌）已成为重要的医院感染病原菌，可在免疫功能低下的宿主中引起机会性感染。这些微生物对β-内酰胺类药物、氟喹诺酮类药物和氨基糖苷类药物表现出高度耐药性。亚胺培南是一种碳青霉烯类抗生素，对治疗由非发酵菌引起的感染可能非常有用。采用琼脂稀释法对85株引起医院获得性尿路感染的非发酵菌进行了亚胺培南的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）检测。比较了亚胺培南敏感（S）组和耐药（R）组对其他抗菌药物的耐药情况。总体而言，36.4%的非发酵菌对亚胺培南耐药。42%的铜绿假单胞菌和18.5%的鲍曼不动杆菌对亚胺培南耐药。其他非发酵菌表现出不同程度的耐药性，嗜碱菌属的耐药性非常高。超过7成的非发酵菌对头孢他啶、庆大霉素和环丙沙星耐药。哌拉西林和阿米卡星的体外敏感性最佳。亚胺培南敏感（S）或耐药（R）菌株之间的抗生素敏感性谱未发现显著差异。
