Cohen Sheldon, Doyle William J, Turner Ronald, Alper Cuneyt M, Skoner David P
Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Psychol Sci. 2003 Sep;14(5):389-95. doi: 10.1111/1467-9280.01452.
There is considerable evidence that social relationships can influence health, but only limited evidence on the health effects of the personality characteristics that are thought to mold people's social lives. We asked whether sociability predicts resistance to infectious disease and whether this relationship is attributable to the quality and quantity of social interactions and relationships. Three hundred thirty-four volunteers completed questionnaires assessing their sociability, social networks, and social supports, and six evening interviews assessing daily interactions. They were subsequently exposed to a virus that causes a common cold and monitored to see who developed verifiable illness. Increased sociability was associated in a linear fashion with a decreased probability of developing a cold. Although sociability was associated with more and higher-quality social interactions, it predicted disease susceptibility independently of these variables. The association between sociability and disease was also independent of baseline immunity (virus-specific antibody), demographics, emotional styles, stress hormones, and health practices.
有大量证据表明社会关系会影响健康，但对于那些被认为塑造人们社会生活的人格特征对健康的影响，证据却很有限。我们探讨了社交性是否能预测对传染病的抵抗力，以及这种关系是否归因于社会互动和关系的质量与数量。334名志愿者完成了评估其社交性、社交网络和社会支持的问卷，并接受了六次晚间访谈以评估日常互动。随后，他们接触了一种能引发普通感冒的病毒，并接受监测以观察谁患上了可证实的疾病。社交性增强与患感冒概率降低呈线性相关。尽管社交性与更多、质量更高的社会互动相关，但它独立于这些变量预测了疾病易感性。社交性与疾病之间的关联也独立于基线免疫力（病毒特异性抗体）、人口统计学特征、情绪类型、应激激素和健康习惯。
