Cohen S, Doyle W J, Skoner D P, Rabin B S, Gwaltney J M
Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
JAMA. 1997 Jun 25;277(24):1940-4.
To examine the hypothesis that diverse ties to friends, family, work, and community are associated with increased host resistance to infection.
After reporting the extent of participation in 12 types of social ties (eg, spouse, parent, friend, workmate, member of social group), subjects were given nasal drops containing 1 of 2 rhinoviruses and monitored for the development of a common cold.
Quarantine.
A total of 276 healthy volunteers, aged 18 to 55 years, neither seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus nor pregnant.
Colds (illness in the presence of a verified infection), mucus production, mucociliary clearance function, and amount of viral replication.
In response to both viruses, those with more types of social ties were less susceptible to common colds, produced less mucus, were more effective in ciliary clearance of their nasal passages, and shed less virus. These relationships were unaltered by statistical controls for prechallenge virus-specific antibody, virus type, age, sex, season, body mass index, education, and race. Susceptibility to colds decreased in a dose-response manner with increased diversity of the social network. There was an adjusted relative risk of 4.2 comparing persons with fewest (1 to 3) to those with most (6 or more) types of social ties. Although smoking, poor sleep quality, alcohol abstinence, low dietary intake of vitamin C, elevated catecholamine levels, and being introverted were all associated with greater susceptibility to colds, they could only partially account for the relation between social network diversity and incidence of colds.
More diverse social networks were associated with greater resistance to upper respiratory illness.
检验如下假设，即与朋友、家人、工作和社区的多样化联系会增强宿主对感染的抵抗力。
在报告参与12种社会关系（如配偶、父母、朋友、同事、社会团体成员）的程度后，受试者被滴鼻给予含有两种鼻病毒之一的滴鼻剂，并监测普通感冒的发生情况。
隔离区。
共有276名18至55岁的健康志愿者，他们既不是人类免疫缺陷病毒血清阳性者，也未怀孕。
感冒（经证实感染时的疾病）、黏液分泌、黏液纤毛清除功能和病毒复制量。
针对两种病毒，拥有更多类型社会关系的人更不易患普通感冒，产生的黏液更少，鼻腔纤毛清除更有效，且病毒排出量更少。在对激发前病毒特异性抗体、病毒类型、年龄、性别、季节、体重指数、教育程度和种族进行统计控制后，这些关系并未改变。随着社交网络多样性的增加，感冒易感性呈剂量反应性降低。将拥有最少（1至3种）与最多（6种或更多）类型社会关系的人进行比较，调整后的相对风险为4.2。尽管吸烟、睡眠质量差、戒酒、维生素C饮食摄入量低、儿茶酚胺水平升高和性格内向均与感冒易感性增加有关，但它们只能部分解释社交网络多样性与感冒发病率之间的关系。
更多样化的社交网络与更强的上呼吸道疾病抵抗力相关。
