Bolte Annette, Goschke Thomas, Kuhl Julius
Institute of Psychology, Braunschweig University of Technology, Braunschweig, Germany.
Psychol Sci. 2003 Sep;14(5):416-21. doi: 10.1111/1467-9280.01456.
We investigated effects of emotional states on the ability to make intuitive judgments about the semantic coherence of word triads. Participants were presented word triads, consisting of three clue words that either were weakly associated with a common fourth concept (coherent triads) or had no common associate (incoherent triads). In Experiment 1, participants in a neutral mood discriminated coherent and incoherent triads reliably better than chance level even if they did not consciously retrieve the solution word. In Experiment 2, the induction of a positive mood reliably improved intuitive coherence judgments, whereas participants in a negative mood performed at chance level. We conclude that positive mood potentiates spread of activation to weak or remote associates in memory, thereby improving intuitive coherence judgments. By contrast, negative mood appears to restrict spread of activation to close associates and dominant word meanings, thus impairing intuitive coherence judgments.
我们研究了情绪状态对就三元词组的语义连贯性做出直觉判断能力的影响。向参与者呈现三元词组，这些词组由三个线索词组成，它们要么与某个共同的第四个概念有弱关联（连贯三元组），要么没有共同关联（不连贯三元组）。在实验1中，处于中性情绪的参与者即使没有有意识地检索出答案词，也能可靠地比随机水平更好地区分连贯和不连贯的三元组。在实验2中，积极情绪的诱导可靠地改善了直觉连贯性判断，而处于消极情绪的参与者表现处于随机水平。我们得出结论，积极情绪增强了记忆中激活向弱关联或远程关联的传播，从而改善了直觉连贯性判断。相比之下，消极情绪似乎将激活的传播限制在紧密关联和主导词义上，从而损害了直觉连贯性判断。
