Aklillu Eleni, Carrillo Juan Antonio, Makonnen Eyasu, Bertilsson Leif, Ingelman-Sundberg Magnus
Division of Molecular Toxicology, IMM, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2003 Oct;59(7):533-6. doi: 10.1007/s00228-003-0653-8. Epub 2003 Aug 21.
To investigate xanthine oxidase (XO) polymorphism in Ethiopians and influence of environmental factors, smoking habit and gender-related differences on enzyme activity among Ethiopians living in Ethiopia or Sweden.
One hundred healthy unrelated Ethiopians living in Ethiopia and 73 living in Sweden participated in the study. Subjects received a 100-mg oral dose of caffeine before bedtime. All urine voided in the following 8 h was collected and the concentrations of 1-methyluracil (1U) and 1-methylxanthine (1X) micromol/l) were analyzed by means of high-performance liquid chromatography. The 1U/(1X+1U) metabolic ratio (MR) was calculated and used as an index of XO activity.
XO activity was not normally distributed ( P<0.0001; Shapiro-Wilk's test). The incidence of putative XO poor metabolizers in Ethiopians was 4%. The effect of differences in country of residence, gender and smoking habit was analyzed using three-way ANOVA/MANOVA. The post-hoc test ( P<0.05) and Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA ( P<0.004), median test showed a significant difference in XO activity among Ethiopians living in Ethiopia compared with those living in Sweden, the activity being higher in Ethiopians living in Ethiopia. The 95% CI for differences between the two means was (0.012; 0.044). No significant difference was observed in XO MR between men and women or between smokers and non-smokers, the 95% CI for the differences being (-0.059; 0.037) and (-0.010; 0.016) respectively.
The XO activity is polymorphic in Ethiopians. Neither gender nor smoking-related differences influenced XO activity but the difference in activity between Ethiopians living in Sweden or in Ethiopia indicates influence of other environmental factors such as dietary habits on XO activity.
研究埃塞俄比亚人的黄嘌呤氧化酶（XO）多态性，以及环境因素、吸烟习惯和性别差异对生活在埃塞俄比亚或瑞典的埃塞俄比亚人酶活性的影响。
100名居住在埃塞俄比亚的健康无亲属关系的埃塞俄比亚人和73名居住在瑞典的埃塞俄比亚人参与了该研究。受试者在睡前口服100毫克咖啡因。收集接下来8小时内排出的所有尿液，并通过高效液相色谱法分析1-甲基尿嘧啶（1U）和1-甲基黄嘌呤（1X，微摩尔/升）的浓度。计算1U/（1X + 1U）代谢率（MR）并用作XO活性指标。
XO活性不呈正态分布（P < 0.0001；Shapiro-Wilk检验）。埃塞俄比亚人中推定的XO代谢不良者发生率为4%。使用三因素方差分析/多变量方差分析分析居住国家、性别和吸烟习惯差异的影响。事后检验（P < 0.05）和Kruskal-Wallis方差分析（P < 0.004）、中位数检验显示，与居住在瑞典的埃塞俄比亚人相比，居住在埃塞俄比亚的埃塞俄比亚人在XO活性方面存在显著差异，居住在埃塞俄比亚的埃塞俄比亚人活性更高。两种平均值之间差异的95%置信区间为（0.012；0.044）。男性与女性之间或吸烟者与非吸烟者之间的XO MR未观察到显著差异，差异的95%置信区间分别为（-0.059；0.037）和（-0.010；0.016）。
埃塞俄比亚人的XO活性具有多态性。性别和吸烟相关差异均未影响XO活性，但居住在瑞典或埃塞俄比亚的埃塞俄比亚人之间的活性差异表明饮食习惯等其他环境因素对XO活性有影响。
