Mironova A P, Andronikov V B
Tsitologiia. 1992;34(8):96-101.
To elaborate methods of biological testing during monitoring of the environment, a study was made of the effect of heavy metal salts on frog embryos and of the influence of temperature on the extent of toxicity of these substances. It was shown that the early stages of embryogenesis were more sensitive to this toxic effect. The differences in the effect of heavy metals are expressed not only in the extent of toxicity, but also in the pattern of change in toxicity as related to concentration. A rise in temperature of the solution containing heavy metals results in a relative increase in the number of abnormal larvae, whereas a decrease in temperature of the solution leads to a higher mortality at the earliest stages of embryogenesis. The latter, apparently, is due to a longer duration of development at low temperature, and thus, to a longer exposure of embryos to toxic effect. This is more pronounced at earlier stages of development, more vulnerable (sensitive) to toxicants. The estimation of toxicity of a substance by the pathological changes induced in embryos and larvae is one of the most sensitive methods, which allows not only to determine the extent of toxicity, but also to give prognosis of its possible effect on the population.
为详细阐述环境监测过程中的生物测试方法，开展了一项关于重金属盐对青蛙胚胎的影响以及温度对这些物质毒性程度影响的研究。结果表明，胚胎发育的早期阶段对这种毒性作用更为敏感。重金属作用的差异不仅表现在毒性程度上，还表现在与浓度相关的毒性变化模式上。含重金属溶液温度升高会导致异常幼虫数量相对增加，而溶液温度降低则会导致胚胎发育最早阶段的死亡率更高。后者显然是由于低温下发育时间延长，从而使胚胎暴露于毒性作用的时间更长。这在发育的早期阶段更为明显，此时对毒物更易受影响（敏感）。通过胚胎和幼虫中诱导的病理变化来评估物质的毒性是最敏感的方法之一，这不仅能够确定毒性程度，还能预测其对种群可能产生的影响。
