Simeon Daphne, Greenberg Jennifer, Knutelska Margaret, Schmeidler James, Hollander Eric
Psychiatry Box 1229, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA.
Am J Psychiatry. 2003 Sep;160(9):1702-5. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.160.9.1702.
The World Trade Center disaster was of unprecedented magnitude and impact in U.S. history. The authors conducted a pilot survey investigating these effects.
A questionnaire regarding the disaster was sent to responders to an advertisement. It included demographic and disaster-exposure questions and three scales applied to "during and shortly after" the disaster.
Despite widely ranging exposure, scores for distress (Peritraumatic Distress Inventory), dissociation (Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire), and posttraumatic stress (Impact of Event Scale-Revised) were markedly elevated (N=75). After covariance for exposure, the distress factor of loss of control most strongly predicted both early dissociation and posttraumatic stress. Life threat specifically contributed to arousal. Dissociation did not contribute beyond distress to posttraumatic stress, with the exception of re-experiencing.
This survey of reactions to the World Trade Center disaster revealed high levels of early symptoms and suggested similar but independent pathways toward dissociation and posttraumatic stress.
世界贸易中心灾难在美国历史上具有前所未有的规模和影响。作者开展了一项初步调查以研究这些影响。
向一则广告的响应者发送了一份关于该灾难的问卷。问卷包括人口统计学和灾难暴露问题，以及应用于灾难“期间及灾后不久”的三个量表。
尽管暴露程度差异很大，但痛苦（创伤事件期间痛苦量表）、分离（创伤事件期间分离体验问卷）和创伤后应激（事件影响量表修订版）得分均显著升高（N = 75）。在对暴露进行协方差分析后，失控的痛苦因素最能有力地预测早期分离和创伤后应激。生命威胁特别导致了觉醒。除了重新体验外，分离对创伤后应激的影响不超过痛苦。
这项对世界贸易中心灾难反应的调查揭示了高水平的早期症状，并表明了通往分离和创伤后应激的相似但独立的途径。
