灾难幸存者的创伤后和创伤期应激：一项关于不同类型灾难中个体和事件特征影响的探索性研究。
Post- and peritraumatic stress in disaster survivors: an explorative study about the influence of individual and event characteristics across different types of disasters.
机构信息
Department Health and Prevention, University of Greifswald, BRD, Greifswald, Germany.
出版信息
Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2012;3. doi: 10.3402/ejpt.v3i0.7382. Epub 2012 May 28.
BACKGROUND
Examination of existing research on posttraumatic adjustment after disasters suggests that survivors' posttraumatic stress levels might be better understood by investigating the influence of the characteristics of the event experienced on how people thought and felt, during the event as well as afterwards.
OBJECTIVE
To compare survivors' perceived post- and peritraumatic emotional and cognitive reactions across different types of disasters. Additionally, to investigate individual and event characteristics.
DESIGN
In a European multi-centre study, 102 survivors of different disasters terror attack, flood, fire and collapse of a building were interviewed about their responses during the event. Survivors' perceived posttraumatic stress levels were assessed with the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). Peritraumatic emotional stress and risk perception were rated retrospectively. Influences of individual characteristics, such as socio-demographic data, and event characteristics, such as time and exposure factors, on post- and peritraumatic outcomes were analyzed.
RESULTS
Levels of reported post- and peritraumatic outcomes differed significantly between types of disasters. Type of disaster was a significant predictor of all three outcome variables but the factors gender, education, time since event, injuries and fatalities were only significant for certain outcomes.
CONCLUSION
Results support the hypothesis that there are differences in perceived post- and peritraumatic emotional and cognitive reactions after experiencing different types of disasters. However, it should be noted that these findings were not only explained by the type of disaster itself but also by individual and event characteristics. As the study followed an explorative approach, further research paths are discussed to better understand the relationships between variables.
背景
对灾难后创伤后适应的现有研究进行检查表明，通过调查经历事件的特征对人们在事件期间和之后的思维和感受的影响，可能会更好地理解幸存者的创伤后应激水平。
目的
比较不同类型灾难中幸存者的感知后和创伤时的情绪和认知反应。此外，还调查了个体和事件特征。
设计
在一项欧洲多中心研究中，102 名不同灾难的幸存者（恐怖袭击、洪水、火灾和建筑物倒塌）接受了有关他们在事件期间反应的采访。使用修订后的事件影响量表（IES-R）评估幸存者的感知创伤后应激水平。事后回顾评估创伤时的情绪压力和风险感知。分析个体特征（如社会人口统计学数据）和事件特征（如时间和暴露因素）对创伤后和创伤时结果的影响。
结果
报告的创伤后和创伤时结果的水平在不同类型的灾难之间存在显著差异。灾难类型是所有三个结果变量的显著预测因素，但性别、教育、事件发生后时间、受伤和死亡等因素仅对某些结果具有显著意义。
结论
结果支持这样一种假设，即经历不同类型的灾难后，感知后和创伤时的情绪和认知反应存在差异。然而，应该注意的是，这些发现不仅可以通过灾难本身的类型来解释，还可以通过个体和事件特征来解释。由于该研究采用了探索性方法，因此讨论了进一步的研究途径，以更好地理解变量之间的关系。
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