Aharinejad S, Lametschwandtner A
First Department of Anatomy, University of Vienna, Austria.
J Anat. 1992 Aug;181 ( Pt 1)(Pt 1):89-100.
The microvasculature of the gallbladder, the common bile duct, and the duodenal papilla was investigated in 20 albino guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) using microvascular corrosion casting and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Main supplying and draining vessels (first-order vessels) approach the gallbladder along the cystic duct. From the latter, penetrating vessels (second-order vessels) arise which pierce the muscular coat of the gallbladder body to form the plexus of third-order vessels between the muscle coat and the mucosa. Third-order vessels finally branch to supply the subepithelial capillaries, which show a honeycomb arrangement, corresponding to the gallbladder pits. At the areas bordering mucosal pits and beneath the tunicae plicae mucosae, the capillaries form glomera. These structures make the mucosal vasculature suitable for adapting to gallbladder wall distension caused by volume changes. The mucosal capillary glomera may also be involved in absorption of substances from bile, or they could act as buffer zones, counteracting the pressure which develops as the gallbladder volume increases. Venous sphincters occurring at the junction of mucosal vessels with the subjacent third-order veins may regulate blood flow in the mucosal glomera. The neck region as well as bile ducts consist of 2 vascular layers: an inner capillary layer and an outer one containing arterioles and venules. The duodenal papilla has a hemispheric shape and is interposed in the transition zone between the stomach and the duodenum. On the most luminal aspect, the capillaries of the papilla have a ring-shaped arrangement, as do the capillaries of the stomach, surrounding the mucosal glands; the remainder of the papilla is covered by duodenal villi capillaries.
采用微血管铸型和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）技术，对20只白化豚鼠（豚鼠）的胆囊、胆总管和十二指肠乳头的微血管系统进行了研究。主要的供血和引流血管（一级血管）沿胆囊管靠近胆囊。从胆囊管发出穿透血管（二级血管），这些血管穿透胆囊体的肌层，在肌层和黏膜之间形成三级血管丛。三级血管最终分支供应上皮下毛细血管，这些毛细血管呈蜂窝状排列，与胆囊小窝相对应。在黏膜小窝边界区域和黏膜皱襞下方，毛细血管形成小球。这些结构使黏膜血管系统适合于适应因容积变化引起的胆囊壁扩张。黏膜毛细血管小球也可能参与胆汁中物质的吸收，或者它们可以作为缓冲区，抵消随着胆囊容积增加而产生的压力。黏膜血管与相邻三级静脉交界处出现的静脉括约肌可能调节黏膜小球中的血流。颈部区域以及胆管由2个血管层组成：一个内部毛细血管层和一个外部含有小动脉和小静脉的血管层。十二指肠乳头呈半球形，位于胃和十二指肠之间的过渡区。在最腔内的层面，乳头的毛细血管呈环形排列，与胃的毛细血管一样，围绕着黏膜腺；乳头的其余部分被十二指肠绒毛毛细血管覆盖。
