Walters Dale R
Department of Plant Biology, Scottish Agricultural College, Ayr Campus, Auchincruive Estate, Ayr KA6 5HW, UK.
Phytochemistry. 2003 Sep;64(1):97-107. doi: 10.1016/s0031-9422(03)00329-7.
The diamine putrescine and the polyamines spermidine and spermine are found in a wide range of organisms from bacteria to plants and animals. They are basic, small molecules implicated in the promotion of plant growth and development by activating the synthesis of nucleic acids. Polyamine metabolism has long been known to be altered in plants responding to abiotic environmental stress and to undergo profound changes in plants interacting with fungal and viral pathogens. Polyamines conjugated to phenolic compounds, hydroxycinnamic acid amides (HCAAs), have been shown to accumulate in incompatible interactions between plants and a variety of pathogens, while changes in the diamine catabolic enzyme diamine oxidase suggest a role for this enzyme in the production of hydrogen peroxide during plant defence responses. More recent work has suggested a role for the free polyamine spermine in the hypersensitive response of barley to powdery mildew and particularly in tobacco to TMV. The prospects for the genetic manipulation of HCAA levels in plants as a means of both defining their role in plant defence and in the generation of disease resistant plants is discussed briefly.
二胺腐胺以及多胺亚精胺和精胺存在于从细菌到植物和动物等广泛的生物体中。它们是碱性小分子，通过激活核酸合成参与促进植物生长和发育。长期以来，人们已知多胺代谢在植物对非生物环境胁迫的响应中会发生改变，并且在与真菌和病毒病原体相互作用的植物中会发生深刻变化。与酚类化合物、羟基肉桂酸酰胺（HCAAs）结合的多胺已被证明在植物与多种病原体的不相容相互作用中积累，而二胺分解代谢酶二胺氧化酶的变化表明该酶在植物防御反应中过氧化氢的产生中起作用。最近的研究表明，游离多胺精胺在大麦对白粉病的过敏反应中发挥作用，特别是在烟草对烟草花叶病毒的反应中。本文简要讨论了通过基因操作改变植物中HCAAs水平作为确定其在植物防御中的作用以及培育抗病植物的一种手段的前景。
