Swails W S, Bell S J, Borlase B C, Forse R A, Blackburn G L
Nutr Clin Pract. 1992 Apr;7(2):77-80. doi: 10.1177/011542659200700277.
In two recent clinical trials in surgical patients, supplementation of total parenteral nutrition with daily doses of 12 or 20 g of glutamine resulted in a diminished loss of free glutamine in skeletal muscle tissue. Studies in animals exploring the use of both enteral and parenteral glutamine supplementation suggest that glutamine may be an essential nutrient in the maintenance of gut structure and function during critical illness. These findings have led to heightened interest in the glutamine content of enteral formulas. This article describes a method for estimating the glutamine content of whole-protein enteral formulas. The average amount of glutamine in selected, whole-protein formulas ranges from a minimum of 3.55 g/4200 kJ to a maximum of 5.15 g/4200 kJ. Although it is still too early to define the safest and most effective dose of glutamine, there are two points regarding glutamine supplementation that clearly merit further investigation: no clinical trials have been conducted to assess the potential benefits of glutamine supplementation of an enteral diet or to assess the effects of using diets containing protein-bound glutamine rather than free glutamine.
在最近两项针对外科手术患者的临床试验中，每天补充12克或20克谷氨酰胺的全胃肠外营养，使得骨骼肌组织中游离谷氨酰胺的损失减少。对动物进行的关于肠内和肠外补充谷氨酰胺的研究表明，在危重病期间，谷氨酰胺可能是维持肠道结构和功能的必需营养素。这些发现引发了人们对肠内配方食品中谷氨酰胺含量的更高关注。本文介绍了一种估算全蛋白肠内配方食品中谷氨酰胺含量的方法。所选全蛋白配方食品中谷氨酰胺的平均含量范围为最低3.55克/4200千焦至最高5.15克/4200千焦。尽管确定谷氨酰胺的最安全和最有效剂量还为时过早，但关于谷氨酰胺补充有两点显然值得进一步研究：尚未进行临床试验来评估肠内饮食补充谷氨酰胺的潜在益处，也未评估使用含蛋白质结合型谷氨酰胺而非游离谷氨酰胺的饮食的效果。
