Yan Elsie Chau-Wai, Tang Catherine So-Kum
Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2003 Sep;18(9):795-802. doi: 10.1002/gps.922.
This study examined the role of individual, interpersonal, and organizational factors in mitigating burnout among elderly Chinese volunteers in Hong Kong.
A total of 295 elderly Chinese volunteers were individually interviewed on their demographic characteristics, voluntary service experience, physical health status, general self-efficacy, social support, satisfaction and perceived benefit from volunteer work, and burnout symptoms. Exploratory factor analysis was first performed to determine the underlying dimensions of burnout experience. Correlation analyses were then conducted to explore associations among major variables. Hierarchical regression analyses were also performed to unearth the relative contribution of various factors in predicting burnout among elderly volunteers.
A two-factor structure of burnout, namely lack of personal accomplishment and emotional depletion, was found. Demographics, individual, interpersonal, and organizational factors were significant predictors of lack of personal accomplishment. In particular, personal accomplishment was best predicted by a long duration of voluntary work service and high levels of self-efficacy, work satisfaction, and perceived benefit. For emotional depletion, only demographics and individual factors were significant predictors. A low level of emotional depletion was best predicted by older age, a short duration of voluntary work experience, and good health.
Burnout experience was evident among elderly Chinese volunteers. There were different predictors of affective and cognitive components of burnout. Findings have significant implications to attenuate burnout symptoms among elderly volunteers.
本研究探讨个人、人际和组织因素在缓解香港老年华人志愿者职业倦怠方面的作用。
对295名老年华人志愿者进行了单独访谈，了解他们的人口统计学特征、志愿服务经历、身体健康状况、一般自我效能感、社会支持、对志愿工作的满意度和感知收益以及职业倦怠症状。首先进行探索性因素分析，以确定职业倦怠经历的潜在维度。然后进行相关分析，以探讨主要变量之间的关联。还进行了分层回归分析，以揭示各种因素在预测老年志愿者职业倦怠方面的相对贡献。
发现职业倦怠的双因素结构，即个人成就感缺失和情感耗竭。人口统计学、个人、人际和组织因素是个人成就感缺失的重要预测因素。特别是，长期的志愿工作服务以及高水平的自我效能感、工作满意度和感知收益最能预测个人成就感。对于情感耗竭，只有人口统计学和个人因素是重要的预测因素。年龄较大、志愿工作经历时间较短和健康状况良好最能预测低水平的情感耗竭。
老年华人志愿者中职业倦怠现象明显。职业倦怠的情感和认知成分有不同的预测因素。研究结果对减轻老年志愿者的职业倦怠症状具有重要意义。
