Dafters Richard Ian, Hoshi Rosa, Talbot Annie Claire
Psychology Department, Glasgow University, 58 Hillhead Street, Glasgow, G12 8QB, UK.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2004 May;173(3-4):405-10. doi: 10.1007/s00213-003-1561-4. Epub 2003 Aug 30.
Establishing whether cognitive changes follow long-term use of MDMA ("ecstasy") in humans has been difficult because of possible confounds with other drug use, particularly cannabis. Convincing evidence may be only obtained using experimental designs that account for such confounds.
In the present study, cognitive/behavioural measures were used to investigate whether long-term MDMA use or long-term cannabis use is responsible for the changes sometimes observed in recreational MDMA users.
Tests of attention and memory were administered to subjects who used both MDMA and cannabis, cannabis only, or neither drug.
The main finding was that cannabis users, whether or not they also used MDMA, showed significantly impaired memory function on word free-recall and on immediate and delayed story recall compared to non-users.
The findings highlight the importance of controlling for other drug use (particularly cannabis) when investigating persistent effects of MDMA in humans.
由于可能与其他药物使用（尤其是大麻）存在混淆因素，确定人类长期使用摇头丸（“摇头丸”）后是否会出现认知变化一直很困难。只有使用考虑到此类混淆因素的实验设计才能获得令人信服的证据。
在本研究中，采用认知/行为测量方法来调查长期使用摇头丸或长期使用大麻是否是导致娱乐性摇头丸使用者有时出现变化的原因。
对同时使用摇头丸和大麻、仅使用大麻或不使用任何药物的受试者进行注意力和记忆力测试。
主要发现是，与不使用者相比，大麻使用者（无论他们是否也使用摇头丸）在单词自由回忆以及即时和延迟故事回忆方面的记忆功能明显受损。
这些发现凸显了在研究摇头丸对人类的长期影响时控制其他药物使用（尤其是大麻）的重要性。
