Jetten M S M, Sliekers O, Kuypers M, Dalsgaard T, van Niftrik L, Cirpus I, van de Pas-Schoonen K, Lavik G, Thamdrup B, Le Paslier D, Op den Camp H J M, Hulth S, Nielsen L P, Abma W, Third K, Engström P, Kuenen J G, Jørgensen B B, Canfield D E, Sinninghe Damsté J S, Revsbech N P, Fuerst J, Weissenbach J, Wagner M, Schmidt I, Schmid M, Strous M
Department of Microbiology, KU Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, NL 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2003 Dec;63(2):107-14. doi: 10.1007/s00253-003-1422-4. Epub 2003 Sep 4.
Recently, two fresh water species, " Candidatus Brocadia anammoxidans" and " Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis", and one marine species, " Candidatus Scalindua sorokinii", of planctomycete anammox bacteria have been identified. " Candidatus Scalindua sorokinii" was discovered in the Black Sea, and contributed substantially to the loss of fixed nitrogen. All three species contain a unique organelle--the anammoxosome--in their cytoplasm. The anammoxosome contains the hydrazine/hydroxylamine oxidoreductase enzyme, and is thus the site of anammox catabolism. The anammoxosome is surrounded by a very dense membrane composed almost exclusively of linearly concatenated cyclobutane-containing lipids. These so-called 'ladderanes' are connected to the glycerol moiety via both ester and ether bonds. In natural and man-made ecosystems, anammox bacteria can cooperate with aerobic ammonium-oxidising bacteria, which protect them from harmful oxygen, and provide the necessary nitrite. The cooperation of these two groups of ammonium-oxidising bacteria is the microbial basis for a sustainable one reactor system, CANON (completely autotrophic nitrogen-removal over nitrite) to remove ammonia from high strength wastewater.
最近，已经鉴定出了浮霉菌门厌氧氨氧化细菌的两种淡水物种，即“暂定种布罗卡德氏厌氧氨氧化菌”和“暂定种斯图加特库氏菌”，以及一种海洋物种，即“暂定种索氏斯卡林杜氏菌”。“暂定种索氏斯卡林杜氏菌”是在黑海发现的，对固定氮的损失有很大影响。这三个物种的细胞质中都含有一种独特的细胞器——厌氧氨氧化体。厌氧氨氧化体含有肼/羟胺氧化还原酶，因此是厌氧氨氧化分解代谢的场所。厌氧氨氧化体被一层非常致密的膜包围，这层膜几乎完全由线性连接的含环丁烷的脂质组成。这些所谓的“梯形烷”通过酯键和醚键与甘油部分相连。在自然和人工生态系统中，厌氧氨氧化细菌可以与好氧氨氧化细菌合作，好氧氨氧化细菌保护它们免受有害氧气的侵害，并提供必要的亚硝酸盐。这两组氨氧化细菌的合作是可持续单反应器系统CANON（通过亚硝酸盐的完全自养脱氮）从高强度废水中去除氨的微生物基础。
