Lek Noophan Pongsak, Sripiboon Siriporn, Damrongsri Mongkol, Munakata-Marr Junko
Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon-pathom Province, Thailand.
J Environ Manage. 2009 Feb;90(2):967-72. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.03.003.
A sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was inoculated with mixed nitrifying bacteria from an anoxic tank at the conventional activated sludge wastewater treatment plant in Nongkhaem, Bangkok, Thailand. This enriched nitrifying culture was maintained under anaerobic conditions using ammonium (NH(4)(+)) as an electron donor and nitrite (NO(2)(-)) as an electron acceptor. Autotrophic ammonium oxidizing bacteria survived under these conditions. The enrichment period for anammox culture was over 100 days. Both ammonium and nitrite conversion rates were proportional to the biomass of ammonium oxidizing bacteria; rates were 0.08 g N/gV SS/d and 0.05 g N/g VSS/d for ammonium and nitrite, respectively, in a culture maintained for 3 months at 42 mg N/L ammonium. The nitrogen transformation rate at a ratio of NH(4)(+)-N to NO(2)(-)-N of 1:1.38 was faster, and effluent nitrogen levels were lower, than at ratios of 1:0.671, 1:2.18, and 1:3.05. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to identify specific autotrophic ammonium oxidizing bacteria (Nitrosomonas spp., Candidatus Brocadia anammoxidans, and Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis). The ammonium oxidizing culture maintained at 42 mg N/L ammonium was enriched for Nitrosomonas spp. (30%) over Candidati B. anammoxidans and K. stuttgartiensis (2.1%) while the culture maintained at 210 mg N/L ammonium was dominated by Candidati B. anammoxidans and K. stuttgartiensis (85.6%). The specific nitrogen removal rate of anammox bacteria (0.6 g N/g anammox VSS/d) was significantly higher than that of ammonium oxidizing bacteria (0.4 g N/g Nitrosomonas VSS/d). Anammox bacteria removed up to 979 mg N/L/d of total nitrogen (ammonium:nitrite concentrations, 397:582 mg N/L). These results suggest significant promise of this approach for application to wastewater with high nitrogen but low carbon content, such as that found in Bangkok.
序批式反应器（SBR）接种了来自泰国曼谷农凯姆传统活性污泥废水处理厂缺氧池的混合硝化细菌。这种富集的硝化培养物在厌氧条件下以铵（NH₄⁺）作为电子供体、亚硝酸盐（NO₂⁻）作为电子受体进行维持。自养型铵氧化细菌在这些条件下存活。厌氧氨氧化培养物的富集期超过100天。铵和亚硝酸盐的转化率均与铵氧化细菌的生物量成正比；在以42 mg N/L铵维持3个月的培养物中，铵和亚硝酸盐的转化率分别为0.08 g N/gV SS/d和0.05 g N/g VSS/d。NH₄⁺-N与NO₂⁻-N比例为1:1.38时的氮转化速率比1:0.671、1:2.18和1:3.05时更快，且出水氮水平更低。采用荧光原位杂交（FISH）来鉴定特定的自养型铵氧化细菌（亚硝化单胞菌属、厌氧氨氧化菌属和斯图加特库氏菌属）。以42 mg N/L铵维持的铵氧化培养物中，亚硝化单胞菌属（30%）比厌氧氨氧化菌属和斯图加特库氏菌属（2.1%）更富集，而以210 mg N/L铵维持的培养物中则以厌氧氨氧化菌属和斯图加特库氏菌属为主（85.6%）。厌氧氨氧化细菌的比氮去除率（0.6 g N/g厌氧氨氧化VSS/d）显著高于铵氧化细菌（0.4 g N/g亚硝化单胞菌VSS/d）。厌氧氨氧化细菌去除的总氮高达979 mg N/L/d（铵：亚硝酸盐浓度，397:582 mg N/L）。这些结果表明，这种方法在处理高氮低碳含量废水（如曼谷的废水）方面具有显著的应用前景。
