MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2003 Sep 5;52(35):833-7.
Diabetes and its complications are major causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States and contribute substantially to health-care costs. Data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) have documented steady increases in the prevalence of diabetes. However, these surveys rely only on self-reports of previously diagnosed diabetes and cannot measure the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes. The change in prevalence demonstrated by these data might reflect other factors such as enhanced detection rather than true increases. The National Health and Nutrition Examination surveys (NHANES) are the only nationally representative surveys that examine both diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes. During 1976-1980 (NHANES II) and 1988-1994 (NHANES III), the overall combined prevalence of diabetes (diagnosed and undiagnosed on the basis of fasting glucose) increased. This report presents data on prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes and impaired fasting glucose from NHANES 1999-2000 and NHANES III (1988-1994). The findings indicate that diabetes and impaired fasting glucose continue to affect a major proportion of the U.S. population. An estimated 29 million (14.4%) persons aged >/=20 years had either diagnosed diabetes, undiagnosed diabetes, or impaired fasting glucose; 29% of diabetes cases were undiagnosed. Persons can reduce their risk for diabetes through weight management and physical activity.
糖尿病及其并发症是美国发病和死亡的主要原因，对医疗保健成本有重大影响。来自国家健康访谈调查（NHIS）和行为危险因素监测系统（BRFSS）的数据表明糖尿病患病率持续上升。然而，这些调查仅依赖于先前诊断糖尿病的自我报告，无法测量未诊断糖尿病的患病率。这些数据显示的患病率变化可能反映了其他因素，如检测手段的改进，而非实际增加。国家健康和营养检查调查（NHANES）是唯一一项对已诊断和未诊断糖尿病进行调查的具有全国代表性的调查。在1976 - 1980年（NHANES II）和1988 - 1994年（NHANES III）期间，糖尿病（根据空腹血糖诊断和未诊断的总和）的总体合并患病率有所上升。本报告展示了1999 - 2000年NHANES和NHANES III（1988 - 1994年）中已诊断和未诊断糖尿病以及空腹血糖受损的患病率数据。研究结果表明，糖尿病和空腹血糖受损继续影响着美国很大一部分人口。估计有2900万（14.4%）年龄≥20岁的人患有已诊断糖尿病、未诊断糖尿病或空腹血糖受损；29%的糖尿病病例未被诊断出来。人们可以通过控制体重和进行体育活动来降低患糖尿病的风险。
