Goppel M A, van den Brink W, van Ree J M
Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Amsterdam.
Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2003 Aug 23;147(34):1637-40.
Addiction is a relapsing brain disease with a tendency towards chronicity. Biological, psychological and socio-cultural factors play a role in the onset and course of this disease. The Health Council of the Netherlands has issued a report on pharmacotherapeutic interventions. The treatment of addiction should be regarded as a medical intervention. A growing number of effective pharmacotherapies are becoming available for the treatment of heroin addiction, although not all of those are available in the Netherlands. Currently, no effective pharmacotherapies are available for the treatment of cocaine addiction. In polydrug addicts, pharmacotherapeutic interventions should be directed at the various separate addictions. In the majority of cases pharmacotherapy is part of an integrated treatment approach in which supportive psychosocial interventions are also important. The long-term continuation of treatment is usually indicated. The Health Council recommends that addiction physicians be put in charge of the multidisciplinary treatment. Medical schools should pay attention to the practical aspects of the treatment and management of addicts. The organisation and workforce of addiction treatment services should comply with the demands that are placed upon healthcare services. Public information campaigns about addiction and the treatment options for addicts can contribute to the destigmatisation of this patient category.
成瘾是一种具有慢性倾向的复发性脑部疾病。生物、心理和社会文化因素在该疾病的发生和发展过程中发挥作用。荷兰健康委员会发布了一份关于药物治疗干预措施的报告。成瘾治疗应被视为一种医学干预。越来越多有效的药物疗法可用于治疗海洛因成瘾，尽管并非所有这些疗法在荷兰都能获得。目前，尚无有效的药物疗法可用于治疗可卡因成瘾。在多药成瘾者中，药物治疗干预应针对各种不同的成瘾问题。在大多数情况下，药物治疗是综合治疗方法的一部分，其中支持性心理社会干预也很重要。通常需要长期持续治疗。健康委员会建议由成瘾科医生负责多学科治疗。医学院校应关注成瘾者治疗和管理的实际方面。成瘾治疗服务的组织和工作人员应符合对医疗服务提出的要求。关于成瘾及成瘾者治疗选择的公众宣传活动有助于消除对这一患者群体的污名化。
