van der Peet-Schwering C M C, Kemp B, Binnendijk G P, den Hartog L A, Spoolder H A M, Verstegen M W A
Research Institute for Animal Husbandry, P.O. Box 2176, 8203 AD Lelystad, The Netherlands.
J Anim Sci. 2003 Sep;81(9):2247-58. doi: 10.2527/2003.8192247x.
The effect of feeding sows a starch diet or a diet with a high level of nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) during gestation, lactation, or both gestation and lactation during the first three parities on reproductive performance, body weight, and backfat was studied. Four-hundred and forty-four postpuberal gilts were allotted to a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial experiment. Treatments were diet composition during gestation (including the weaning-to-estrus interval; G-Starch: 274 g/kg of starch and 123 g/kg of fermentable NSP or G-NSP: 86 g/kg of starch and 300 g/kg of fermentable NSP), diet composition during lactation (L-Starch: 293 g/kg of starch and 113 g/kg of fermentable NSP or L-NSP: 189 g/kg of starch and 216 g/kg of fermentable NSP) and group-housing system during gestation (free access stalls or electronic feeding). Both gestation diets were formulated to be isoenergetic. During lactation, sows were given free access to the lactation diets from d 6 after parturition onwards. Body weight and backfat gains during gestation were lower in sows fed the G-NSP diet than in those fed the G-starch diet (P < 0.001). The effects were more pronounced in the electronic feeding system than in the free access stalls. These results indicate an overestimation of the energy value of fermentable NSP. Body weight and backfat losses during lactation were less in sows fed the G-NSP diet during gestation than in those fed the G-starch diet (P < 0.05),which can be explained by a 0.4 kg/d higher (P < 0.001) feed intake during lactation of the sows fed the G-NSP diet. Sows fed the L-NSP diet lost more backfat during lactation than sows fed the L-starch diet (P < 0.05). The number of total piglets born and live-born piglets was 0.5 piglet higher in sows fed the G-NSP diet than in those fed the G-starch diet (P < 0.05). Lactation diet did not affect the number of total piglets born or live-born piglets. This study shows that, although high NSP diets negatively influence body weight and backfat thickness of the sows, it is possible to feed sows a diet with a high level of fermentable NSP diet during both gestation and lactation without negative effects on reproductive performance. Under the conditions of this study, feeding sows a diet with a high level of fermentable NSP during gestation and a high level of starch during lactation seems the most favorable feeding strategy.
研究了在头三胎的妊娠期、哺乳期或妊娠和哺乳期都给母猪饲喂淀粉日粮或高含量非淀粉多糖（NSP）日粮对繁殖性能、体重和背膘的影响。444头初情期后的后备母猪被分配到一个2×2×2析因试验中。处理因素包括妊娠期日粮组成（包括断奶至发情间隔；G-淀粉组：274 g/kg淀粉和123 g/kg可发酵NSP或G-NSP组：86 g/kg淀粉和300 g/kg可发酵NSP）、哺乳期日粮组成（L-淀粉组：293 g/kg淀粉和113 g/kg可发酵NSP或L-NSP组：189 g/kg淀粉和216 g/kg可发酵NSP）以及妊娠期的群养系统（自由采食栏或电子饲喂）。两种妊娠期日粮的能量均相同。哺乳期，母猪从分娩后第6天开始自由采食哺乳期日粮。饲喂G-NSP日粮的母猪妊娠期体重和背膘增加量低于饲喂G-淀粉日粮的母猪（P<0.001）。在电子饲喂系统中的影响比在自由采食栏中更明显。这些结果表明可发酵NSP的能量值被高估了。妊娠期饲喂G-NSP日粮的母猪哺乳期体重和背膘损失比饲喂G-淀粉日粮的母猪少（P<0.05），这可以用饲喂G-NSP日粮的母猪哺乳期采食量每天高0.4 kg来解释（P<0.001）。饲喂L-NSP日粮的母猪哺乳期背膘损失比饲喂L-淀粉日粮的母猪多（P<0.05）。饲喂G-NSP日粮的母猪总产仔数和活产仔数比饲喂G-淀粉日粮的母猪多0.5头（P<0.05）。哺乳期日粮不影响总产仔数或活产仔数。本研究表明，虽然高NSP日粮对母猪体重和背膘厚度有负面影响，但在妊娠和哺乳期都给母猪饲喂高含量可发酵NSP日粮对繁殖性能没有负面影响是可能的。在本研究条件下，妊娠期给母猪饲喂高含量可发酵NSP日粮、哺乳期饲喂高含量淀粉日粮似乎是最有利的饲喂策略。
