Weng Ruey-Chee
Department of Animal Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
Asian-Australas J Anim Sci. 2020 Aug;33(8):1323-1331. doi: 10.5713/ajas.19.0545. Epub 2019 Oct 21.
Three types of dietary fiber were fed to sows during gestation and lactation stages to monitor their physiological and metabolic adaptations during the pre-partum period and to determine how these effects may influence the lactation period and sow performance.
Soon after breeding, 54 sows were selected and were fed with 20% supplementation as fed of wheat bran (WB), soya hulls (SH), or rice hulls (RH) in diets during gestation and lactation. Sows were weighed, backfat thickness was measured ultrasonically and jugular blood samples were collected from all sows. The litter size was equalized to 10, by fostering piglets from sows on the same treatment.
Sows gained 22.0, 21.8, and 25.5 kg of net maternal body weight during gestation (for WB, SH, and RH sows, respectively; p = 0.007). There was no treatment effect on the body weight change during lactation (p = 0.158), however RH sows consumed an average of 133.66 kg of feed, WB sows took 121.29 kg and SH sows took 126.77 kg during lactation (p<0.001). The SH litters gained an average of 59.34 kg of weight during lactation, while other litters gained 51.58 and 49.98 kg (for WB and RH litters, respectively; p<0.001). Exception for aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, measured serum biochemical values were broadly in agreement with earlier reports. Despite the use of additional vegetable oil to balance the energy level, RH sows still had lower concentrations of serum triglycerides in late gestation.
Different types of fibrous ingredients in the gestation diet influenced most of the investigated reference values for sows. The values of serum biochemical parameters were generally not affected by fiber type during the lactation stage. The SH supplementation for sows is an effective approach to give heavier litters at birth and weaning and to increase voluntary feed intake in early lactation.
在妊娠和泌乳阶段给母猪饲喂三种膳食纤维，以监测其产前阶段的生理和代谢适应性，并确定这些影响如何作用于泌乳期和母猪性能。
配种后不久，挑选54头母猪，在妊娠和泌乳期间，其日粮中分别添加20%的麦麸（WB）、大豆皮（SH）或稻壳（RH）作为饲料补充物。对母猪进行称重，用超声波测量背膘厚度，并采集所有母猪的颈静脉血样。通过在相同处理的母猪间寄养仔猪，使每窝仔猪数量均等为10头。
妊娠期间，母猪的净母体体重增加量分别为22.0、21.8和25.5千克（分别为WB、SH和RH组母猪；p = 0.007）。泌乳期间体重变化无处理效应（p = 0.158），但泌乳期间RH组母猪平均采食133.66千克饲料，WB组母猪采食121.29千克，SH组母猪采食126.77千克（p<0.001）。SH组仔猪在泌乳期平均增重59.34千克，而其他组仔猪增重分别为51.58千克和49.98千克（分别为WB组和RH组仔猪；p<0.001）。除天冬氨酸转氨酶和丙氨酸转氨酶外，测得的血清生化值与早期报告基本一致。尽管使用了额外的植物油来平衡能量水平，但RH组母猪在妊娠后期血清甘油三酯浓度仍较低。
妊娠日粮中不同类型的纤维成分影响了大多数所研究的母猪参考值。泌乳阶段血清生化参数值一般不受纤维类型影响。给母猪补充SH是一种有效的方法，可使仔猪出生和断奶时体重更重，并增加泌乳早期的自愿采食量。
