Kurata Shoichiro
Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
Dev Comp Immunol. 2004 Feb;28(2):89-95. doi: 10.1016/s0145-305x(03)00121-6.
Activation of the innate immune response involves recognition of the infectious non-self and subsequent activation of cellular and humoral reactions. Insect humoral reactions depend on primary and secondary responses. The primary response is mediated by the activation of cascades of constitutive proteins present in the hemolymph, such as the prophenoloxidase (proPO) cascade. The secondary response requires transcriptional activation of defense proteins, such as the induction of antimicrobial peptides. Drosophila possess specific mechanisms to discriminate between microbes and respond to infection by inducing the appropriate reactions. In innate immunity, pathogen-associated molecular patterns are recognized. The mechanisms for microbial recognition in Drosophila, however, are largely unknown. Recent data suggest that, in insect immunity, diverse peptidoglycan recognition protein members are involved in distinguishing between invading bacteria and activation of appropriate immune reactions.
先天免疫反应的激活涉及对感染性非自身物质的识别以及随后细胞和体液反应的激活。昆虫的体液反应依赖于初级和次级反应。初级反应由血淋巴中存在的组成型蛋白级联的激活介导，例如前酚氧化酶（proPO）级联。次级反应需要防御蛋白的转录激活，例如抗菌肽的诱导。果蝇拥有特定机制来区分微生物并通过诱导适当反应来应对感染。在先天免疫中，病原体相关分子模式被识别。然而，果蝇中微生物识别的机制在很大程度上尚不清楚。最近的数据表明，在昆虫免疫中，多种肽聚糖识别蛋白成员参与区分入侵细菌和激活适当的免疫反应。
