Jensen Paul G, Curtis Paul D, Dunn Joseph A, Austic Richard E, Richmond Milo E
New York Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
Pest Manag Sci. 2003 Sep;59(9):1007-15. doi: 10.1002/ps.705.
Developing additional techniques for reducing animal feed contamination by rodents and controlling rodent populations is critical to efforts aimed at reducing the occurrence of Salmonella spp infection on poultry farms. Capsaicin, a compound found in chili peppers of the genus Capsicum, produces a burning sensation in the mouth of mammals and is used effectively as an animal deterrent for some pest species. Applied to poultry feed, capsaicin may be effective as an aversive agent to deter rodent feeding and enhance acceptability of rodenticide baits. We tested capsaicin-treated poultry diets (2000 and 3000 Scoville Heat Units, SHU) in no-choice feeding trials at four active New York farms in the winter of 1997-1998. At all farms, consumption of the 2000 SHU diet by rodents (Norway rats, Rattus norvegicus (Berk), and house mice, Mus musculus L) was significantly less than consumption of a control diet. Consumption of the 3000 SHU diet by rodents was significantly less than consumption of a control diet at three of the four farms. Overall, consumption of treated diets was 58-97% and 55-98% less than consumption of the control diet, for the 2000 and 3000 SHU diets, respectively. These reductions appeared to be related closely to the availability of alternative feed sources at these farms. Two-choice feeding trials involving a rodenticide bait (0.05 g kg(-1) brodifacoum) and the 3000 SHU diet demonstrated that Norway rats preferred the rodenticide to the capsaicin-treated poultry feed. Overall, rodenticide bait acceptance was high (95.6%) when offered simultaneously with capsaicin-treated poultry feed. Although poultry managers must utilize several techniques to manage rodent pests, the use of capsaicin-treated diets to reduce feed losses and increase rodenticide bait acceptance appears promising. Use of capsaicin-treated feed on poultry farms may substantially reduce feed contamination by rodents and ultimately the incidence of Salmonella infection in poultry.
开发更多减少啮齿动物对动物饲料污染及控制啮齿动物数量的技术，对于减少家禽养殖场沙门氏菌感染发生率的努力至关重要。辣椒素是辣椒属辣椒中发现的一种化合物，会在哺乳动物口腔中产生灼烧感，并有效地用作某些害虫种类的动物驱避剂。应用于家禽饲料时，辣椒素可能作为一种厌恶剂有效地阻止啮齿动物取食，并提高杀鼠剂诱饵的可接受性。1997 - 1998年冬季，我们在纽约四个活跃的农场进行了无选择饲喂试验，测试了用辣椒素处理的家禽日粮（2000和3000史高维尔辣度单位，SHU）。在所有农场，啮齿动物（褐家鼠，Rattus norvegicus (Berk)，和小家鼠，Mus musculus L）对2000 SHU日粮的消耗量显著低于对照日粮。在四个农场中的三个，啮齿动物对3000 SHU日粮的消耗量显著低于对照日粮。总体而言，对于2000和3000 SHU日粮，处理后日粮的消耗量分别比对照日粮少58 - 97%和55 - 98%。这些减少似乎与这些农场替代饲料来源的可获得性密切相关。涉及杀鼠剂诱饵（0.05 g kg(-1)溴敌隆）和3000 SHU日粮的双选择饲喂试验表明，褐家鼠更喜欢杀鼠剂而不是用辣椒素处理的家禽饲料。总体而言，当与用辣椒素处理的家禽饲料同时提供时，杀鼠剂诱饵的接受度很高（95.6%）。尽管家禽管理者必须采用多种技术来管理啮齿动物害虫，但使用用辣椒素处理的日粮来减少饲料损失并提高杀鼠剂诱饵接受度似乎很有前景。在家禽养殖场使用用辣椒素处理的饲料可能会大幅减少啮齿动物对饲料的污染，并最终降低家禽沙门氏菌感染的发生率。
