Herman Martin J, Pizzutillo Peter D, Cavalier Ralph
St. Christopher Hospital for Children, Erie Avenue at Front Street, Philadelphia, PA 19134, USA.
Orthop Clin North Am. 2003 Jul;34(3):461-7, vii. doi: 10.1016/s0030-5898(03)00034-8.
Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis are common causes of low back pain in the competitive athlete. Repetitive loading of the lumbar spine results in stress reactions and spondylytic defects of the pars interarticularis. Spondylolysis and lesser degrees of spondylolisthesis frequently respond to activity restrictions, bracing (in specific situations), and physiotherapy. Spinal fusion is indicated for spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis that remain painful despite nonoperative measures and progressive, high-grade spondylolisthesis. Return-to-play guidelines are made for each athlete individually based on his or her specific diagnosis, response to treatment, and sporting activity.
峡部裂和腰椎滑脱是竞技运动员下腰痛的常见原因。腰椎的反复负荷会导致应力反应和关节突间部的峡部裂性缺损。峡部裂和较轻程度的腰椎滑脱通常对活动限制、支具治疗（在特定情况下）和物理治疗有反应。对于尽管采取了非手术措施仍疼痛的峡部裂和腰椎滑脱以及进行性、高度腰椎滑脱，需行脊柱融合术。根据每位运动员的具体诊断、对治疗的反应和体育活动情况，为其制定个性化的重返比赛指南。
