Egler S G
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brasil.
Folia Primatol (Basel). 1992;59(2):61-76. doi: 10.1159/000156644.
This study is part of a long-term ecological study of habitat and dietary requirements of the pied bare-face tamarin (Saguinus bicolor bicolor). One group was studied for 11 months in an area of secondary forest in a suburb of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Three main vegetation types occurred inside the group's home range (12 ha): capoeira, older secondary forest and campinarana (white sand forest). The tamarins ate fruits (21 species), flowers (1 species), exudates (4 species), and arthropods (insects and spiders). They spent 14.3% of total activity time seeking and eating animal prey, and 9.9% feeding on plant material, mostly fruits. In general, fruits consumed were ripe, small and succulent. Trees used for feeding were low and had small crown diameters. Three plant species (Protium aracouchinni, Myrcia cf. fallax, and Couma utilis) were used intensively during the three seasons covered by the study period. The concentrated use of 3 fruit species, each for an extended period (one fruiting species per season), provided the tamarins with a regular food supply. Tamarins consumed exudates from holes in the bark of trees of the families Anacardiaceae and Vochysiaceae, as well as gum exuded from seed pods of Mimosaceae. Exudates were exploited during the dry season and at the beginning of the wet season. Group travel was primarily based on routes connecting the fruiting trees exploited, with foraging for animal prey occurring during travel. Tamarins searched for arthropods on trunks, branches and leaves and in trunk holes. The foraging and feeding tactics displayed by S. b. bicolor are closely linked to morphological characteristics (small size and weight, claw-like nails) that allowed access to energy-rich resources (arthropods and plant exudates) in different strata of the vegetation.
本研究是对裸脸绢毛猴（Saguinus bicolor bicolor）栖息地和饮食需求的长期生态学研究的一部分。在巴西亚马孙州玛瑙斯市郊区的一片次生林区域，对一组裸脸绢毛猴进行了为期11个月的研究。该组猴子的活动范围（12公顷）内有三种主要植被类型：卡波埃拉群落、老龄次生林和坎皮纳拉纳群落（白沙林）。这些绢毛猴食用果实（21种）、花朵（1种）、树液（4种）和节肢动物（昆虫和蜘蛛）。它们将总活动时间的14.3%用于寻找和捕食动物猎物，9.9%用于取食植物性食物，主要是果实。一般来说，所食用的果实成熟、个小且多汁。用于觅食的树木较矮，树冠直径较小。在研究期间涵盖的三个季节里，三种植物物种（阿拉库钦尼普罗梯木、近似法氏番樱桃和库马藤）被大量食用。在较长时间内集中食用三种果实物种（每个季节一种结果实的物种），为绢毛猴提供了稳定的食物供应。绢毛猴食用漆树科和囊萼花科树木树皮孔洞中的树液，以及含羞草科种子荚中渗出的树胶。在旱季和雨季开始时会采集树液。群体移动主要基于连接所利用的结果实树木的路线，在移动过程中捕食动物猎物。绢毛猴在树干、树枝、树叶和树干孔洞中寻找节肢动物。双色裸脸绢毛猴所展示的觅食和进食策略与形态特征（体型小、体重轻、爪状指甲）密切相关，这些形态特征使它们能够获取植被不同层次中富含能量的资源（节肢动物和植物树液）。
