Strom R, Collinsworth P, Strom S, Griswold D
Division of Psychology in Education, Arizona State University, Tempe 85287-0611.
Int J Aging Hum Dev. 1992;36(4):255-68. doi: 10.2190/lxr8-dpm4-0j29-uve3.
This study was conducted to identify ethnic differences in grandparent performance and effectiveness so that an educational program called Becoming A Better Grandparent could be adapted to maximize its relevance for Black families. MANOVA procedures were used to compare perceptions of 204 Anglo grandparents and 204 Black grandparents as well as 175 Anglo and 295 Black grandchildren. Black grandparents perceived themselves more favorably than did Anglos on every subscale of the Grandparent Strengths and Needs Inventory. Black grandchildren assigned grandparents significantly more favorable ratings for teaching and overall success, whereas Anglo grandchildren assigned their grandparents higher scores for coping with difficulty, managing frustration, and meeting information needs. Analyses of grandparent responses revealed significant main effects for age of grandparent, age of grandchild, time spent together, and geographical proximity. Grandchildren responses yielded significant main effects for age of grandchild and time spent together. Findings showed interaction effects for ethnicity by age of grandparent, ethnicity by age of grandchild, and ethnicity by distance. Implications for modifying the program to fit Black grandparents were identified.
本研究旨在确定祖父母角色表现及效能方面的种族差异，以便使一个名为“成为更好的祖父母”的教育项目能够做出调整，从而最大程度地增强其对黑人家庭的相关性。多变量方差分析程序用于比较204名盎格鲁祖父母和204名黑人祖父母以及175名盎格鲁孙辈和295名黑人孙辈的看法。在“祖父母优势与需求量表”的每个子量表上，黑人祖父母对自己的评价比盎格鲁祖父母更为正面。黑人孙辈对祖父母在教导和总体成效方面的评价明显更为正面，而盎格鲁孙辈则给他们的祖父母在应对困难、处理挫折和满足信息需求方面打了更高的分数。对祖父母回答的分析显示，祖父母年龄、孙辈年龄、相处时间和地理距离存在显著的主效应。孙辈的回答在孙辈年龄和相处时间方面产生了显著的主效应。研究结果表明，在祖父母年龄、孙辈年龄和距离方面存在种族交互效应。确定了对该项目进行修改以适应黑人祖父母的相关启示。
