Smith E O
Department of Anthropology, Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322.
Folia Primatol (Basel). 1992;59(4):177-85. doi: 10.1159/000156657.
In most mammalian species, males tend to leave their natal group and disperse farther than females, while females tend to be philopatric. Primates generally follow this rule, although long-term studies of a variety of species are revealing an increasing number of exceptions. This paper reviews dispersal patterns in 3 subspecies of savanna baboons (Papio cynocephalus cynocephalus, P. cynocephalus anubis, P. cynocephalus ursinus) which exhibit very similar patterns of social organization. Males usually disperse from the natal group at 8-10 years of age. Female dispersal is rare but well documented. Inbreeding avoidance as well as enhanced mating opportunities are suggested as ultimate causes of dispersal. Several proximate factors implicated in the timing of dispersal events are also reviewed.
在大多数哺乳动物物种中，雄性往往会离开出生群体，且比雌性扩散得更远，而雌性则倾向于留居原地。灵长类动物通常遵循这一规律，不过对多种物种的长期研究发现越来越多的例外情况。本文综述了草原狒狒（东非狒狒指名亚种、东非狒狒阿拉伯亚种、东非狒狒豚尾亚种）3个亚种的扩散模式，这3个亚种展现出非常相似的社会组织模式。雄性通常在8至10岁时从出生群体中扩散出去。雌性扩散很少见，但有充分的文献记载。避免近亲繁殖以及增加交配机会被认为是扩散的最终原因。本文还综述了与扩散事件发生时间相关的几个近因。
