O'Halloran K, Spickett J T
School of Public Health, Division of Health Sciences, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia.
Asia Pac J Public Health. 1992;6(2):35-9. doi: 10.1177/101053959300600206.
The toxic effects of low-level lead exposure have been the subject of a good deal of research and media attention in recent times. In most countries, the acceptable occupational exposure limit for lead is being progressively decreased as the adverse health effects of lead are being identified at levels approaching those found in non-occupational environments. Due to the sensitive nature of the fetus to hazardous substances, the exposure to lead of the unborn child via maternal sources is of critical concern. Preterm delivery, congenital abnormalities and decreases in growth stature have all been associated with prenatal lead exposure at "acceptable" levels. There is an accumulation of evidence which indicates that maternal exposures prior to conception can play an important role in determining blood lead levels during pregnancy. In light of these observations the practice of removing the pregnant woman from lead sources may be of questionable value with regards to providing sufficient protection for the fetus. This article reviews the relevant literature pertaining to the mobilization of lead from bone during pregnancy and the toxicity of low-level lead exposure to the fetus, and briefly discusses some factors which may affect this toxicity.
近年来，低水平铅暴露的毒性作用一直是大量研究和媒体关注的焦点。在大多数国家，随着在接近非职业环境中发现的铅水平时就识别出其对健康的不利影响，铅的可接受职业暴露限值正在逐步降低。由于胎儿对有害物质敏感，未出生胎儿通过母体接触铅备受关注。早产、先天性异常和生长发育迟缓都与孕期“可接受”水平的产前铅暴露有关。有越来越多的证据表明，受孕前的母体铅暴露在决定孕期血铅水平方面可能起重要作用。鉴于这些观察结果，就为胎儿提供充分保护而言，让孕妇脱离铅源的做法其价值可能存疑。本文综述了与孕期骨骼中铅的动员以及低水平铅暴露对胎儿的毒性相关的文献，并简要讨论了一些可能影响这种毒性的因素。
