Andrade L A, Ferraz H B
Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brasil.
Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 1992 Dec;50(4):426-32. doi: 10.1590/s0004-282x1992000400003.
Dystonia may be classified by age of onset (childhood, adolescence, adult onset), body distribution of the abnormal movements (focal, segmental, unilateral, multifocal and generalized) and etiology (idiopathic and symptomatic). We studied 76 patients with idiopathic dystonia among 122 cases of dystonic syndrome (62.3% of the total). There were 48 female and 28 male patients. Adult-onset focal dystonia was the most frequent feature (37 patients). The onset of generalized dystonia was more frequently seen under the age of 20, whereas focal and segmental dystonia usually started over this age. Postural tremor of the hands was observed in 19.7% of the patients. Spasmodic torticollis was the most prevalent form of dystonia overall. Except for writer's cramp, which occurred more frequently in males, and generalized dystonia, which was equally divided between sexes, all other forms were more frequent in females. Our data suggest that differences in racial origin, social and economical status and environmental factors do not account for a different manifestation in dystonia pattern.
肌张力障碍可根据发病年龄（儿童期、青少年期、成人起病）、异常运动的身体分布（局灶性、节段性、单侧性、多灶性和全身性）以及病因（特发性和症状性）进行分类。我们在122例肌张力障碍综合征患者中研究了76例特发性肌张力障碍患者（占总数的62.3%）。其中有48例女性患者和28例男性患者。成人起病的局灶性肌张力障碍是最常见的特征（37例患者）。全身性肌张力障碍的起病在20岁以下更为常见，而局灶性和节段性肌张力障碍通常在这个年龄以上开始。19.7%的患者出现手部姿势性震颤。痉挛性斜颈是总体上最常见的肌张力障碍形式。除了书写痉挛在男性中更常见，以及全身性肌张力障碍在男女中分布相等外，所有其他形式在女性中更常见。我们的数据表明，种族起源、社会和经济地位以及环境因素的差异并不能解释肌张力障碍模式的不同表现。
