Westermeyer J
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City 73190.
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 1992;18(1):1-11. doi: 10.3109/00952999209001606.
Numerous factors will affect the course of alcohol-drug services over the next decade, including technological-scientific advances, legislation, professional training standards, case law, availability and cost of substances, and social policy toward users. Despite some apparent lessening of substance use, high levels of substance abuse are likely to continue due to fetal damage in high-risk offspring, younger onset of substance abuse, and solo-parent families. Care givers must be prepared to treat more youth, elderly, women, minority, and "dual disorder" patients. Federal and local statecraft against substance production and use remains crude and does not show signs of the increasing sophistication observed elsewhere in the world. Although these forces favor continued high levels of substance abuse problems, the funding mechanisms to provide care are under increasing assault by both the private and public sectors. Areas in which professional practice are apt to improve include clinical assessment-reassessment, treatment outcome research, monitoring during recovery, and out-patient treatment. Professional groups and treatment organizations will become more proactive in the financial support and management of treatment services.
未来十年，众多因素将影响酒精-药物服务的进程，包括科技进步、立法、专业培训标准、判例法、药物的可获得性与成本，以及针对使用者的社会政策。尽管药物使用有明显减少，但由于高危后代的胎儿损伤、药物滥用的低龄化以及单亲家庭等原因，药物滥用的高发生率可能会持续。护理人员必须准备好治疗更多的青少年、老年人、女性、少数族裔和“双重障碍”患者。联邦和地方打击药物生产和使用的手段仍然粗糙，没有表现出在世界其他地方所观察到的日益精细化的迹象。尽管这些因素导致药物滥用问题持续高发，但提供护理的资金机制正受到私营和公共部门越来越多的冲击。专业实践可能会改善的领域包括临床评估-重新评估、治疗效果研究、康复期间的监测以及门诊治疗。专业团体和治疗组织在治疗服务的资金支持和管理方面将变得更加积极主动。
