Thaung U, Ming C K, Thein M
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1975 Dec;6(4):555-61.
Rat fleas and mosquitoes are insect vectors of public health importance in Burma. Plague is endemic in Central Burma and DDT has been the principal insecticide used for its control to date. Dengue haemorrhagic fever, recently introduced and transmitted by Aedes aegypti, has been spreading to major towns since 1971. The rodents, Rattus rattus, R. exulans, Bandicota bengalensis, Mus musculus, as well as shrews were commonly caught during routine trapping in the country. Rattus norvegicus, prevalent in Rangoon City, is not found in Central Burma. The rat fleas, Xenopsylla cheopis and X. astia, were found to be infesting these rodents, the former being the principal vector of plague. Insecticide susceptibility tests have been carried out periodically in plague endemic areas and Rangoon since 1966 and it is now observed that rat fleas in most of these endemic towns and Rangoon Port are no longer susceptible to DDT. Subsequent rechecks in towns where fleas became resistance to DDT show that fleas are persistently resistant to the insecticide. Aedes aegypti is found to be highly prevalent both in rural and urban areas of almost every major town and townships below 900 meters. Insecticide susceptible tests on this mosquito in limited areas show that the mosquito is generally resistant to DDT but susceptible to other insecticides. With the development of DDT resistance in fleas, it is now necessary to change to an effective insecticide in the control of plague in Burma.
在缅甸，鼠蚤和蚊子是对公共卫生具有重要意义的昆虫媒介。鼠疫在缅甸中部地区呈地方性流行，迄今为止，滴滴涕一直是用于控制鼠疫的主要杀虫剂。登革出血热是最近由埃及伊蚊传播而来的，自1971年以来一直在向主要城镇蔓延。在该国的常规诱捕中，常见捕获到的啮齿动物有黑家鼠、黄胸鼠、板齿鼠、小家鼠以及鼩鼱。褐家鼠在仰光市很常见，但在缅甸中部地区未被发现。已发现印鼠客蚤和缓慢细蚤寄生在这些啮齿动物身上，前者是鼠疫的主要传播媒介。自1966年以来，在鼠疫流行地区和仰光定期进行杀虫剂敏感性测试，现在观察到，这些流行城镇和仰光港的大多数鼠蚤对滴滴涕不再敏感。随后在对滴滴涕产生抗性的城镇进行的重新检查表明，蚤类对该杀虫剂持续具有抗性。几乎每个主要城镇以及海拔900米以下的乡镇的农村和城市地区，埃及伊蚊都高度流行。在有限区域对这种蚊子进行的杀虫剂敏感性测试表明，这种蚊子通常对滴滴涕具有抗性，但对其他杀虫剂敏感。随着蚤类对滴滴涕产生抗性，现在有必要在缅甸控制鼠疫时改用一种有效的杀虫剂。
