Lambeth S P, Bloomsmith M A
University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Veterinary Resources, Bastrop 78602.
Lab Anim Sci. 1992 Jun;42(3):261-6.
At many facilities, limitations of the physical environment have reduced the opportunity for captive chimpanzees to live in large, naturalistic social groups. Convex mirrors used to increase visual access of neighboring groups may improve the social environment. This was tested in a study of 28 chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) group-housed in conventional indoor/outdoor runs. A total of 47.8 hours of behavioral observations were conducted and comparisons made across three conditions: no mirror present, a mirror present with visual access to neighboring conspecifics, or a mirror present with visual access to the neighbors' empty run. When the mirror gave subjects visual access to neighboring animals, facial expressions, sexual, and agonistic behaviors increased, whereas affiliative behavior decreased compared with when no mirror was present. When the mirror gave subjects visual access to a neighbors' empty run, facial expressions and sexual behavior increased compared with when no mirror was present. When the mirror gave subjects visual access to a neighbor's empty run, agonism decreased compared with when a mirror gave subjects visual access to neighboring animals. When subjects had visual access to neighbors, they used the mirror 30% of the total data points; while they had visual access to the neighbors' empty run, they looked during 24% of the total data points. Juveniles' use of the mirror increased over time while adults' use remained stable. Adult males used the mirror less than did the other subjects. These findings indicate that a mirror allowing visual access to neighboring conspecifics has potential as an enrichment device that affects social behavior.
在许多设施中，物理环境的限制减少了圈养黑猩猩生活在大型自然主义社会群体中的机会。用于增加相邻群体视觉接触的凸面镜可能会改善社会环境。在一项对28只圈养在传统室内/室外活动场的黑猩猩（Pan troglodytes）的研究中对此进行了测试。总共进行了47.8小时的行为观察，并在三种条件下进行了比较：无镜子、有镜子且能看到相邻同种个体、有镜子但只能看到邻居的空活动场。当镜子使受试者能够看到相邻动物时，面部表情、性行为和攻击行为增加，而与无镜子时相比，亲和行为减少。当镜子使受试者能够看到邻居的空活动场时，与无镜子时相比，面部表情和性行为增加。当镜子使受试者能够看到邻居的空活动场时，与镜子使受试者能够看到相邻动物时相比，攻击行为减少。当受试者能够看到邻居时，它们在总数据点的30%使用镜子；而当它们能够看到邻居的空活动场时，它们在总数据点的%24进行观看。随着时间的推移，幼年黑猩猩对镜子的使用增加，而成年黑猩猩的使用保持稳定。成年雄性使用镜子的频率低于其他受试者。这些发现表明，允许看到相邻同种个体的镜子作为一种影响社会行为的丰富装置具有潜力。
