Videan Elaine N, Fritz Jo, Schwandt Melanie, Howell Sue
Primate Foundation of Arizona, Mesa, Arizona 85277-0027, USA.
Am J Primatol. 2005 Jun;66(2):131-44. doi: 10.1002/ajp.20133.
Previous studies of captive chimpanzees have demonstrated the "neighbor effect," or social contagion, with respect to agonistic vocalizations and behaviors. The present study considers whether there is a relationship between behavior patterns in focal animals and the auditory signals of neighboring social groups. Using focal-group sampling, we collected 172.5 hr of data on 51 subjects (25 females and 26 males) housed in 10 social groups. We performed two-tailed Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank tests to determine whether the relative frequency of the vocalizations (high vs. low) affected the behaviors. In keeping with past research, we found that agonistic noises and vocalizations from neighboring social groups had a significant effect on the rates of focal-group bluff displays, pant-hoots, and aggression (P<0.05). In addition, we also found significant relationships between grooming behavior and vocalizations in focal groups, and grooming vocalizations from neighboring groups (P<0.05). The results suggest that social contagion is not limited to aggressive behaviors, but also occurs for affiliative behavior patterns.
以往对圈养黑猩猩的研究已经证明了在攻击性发声和行为方面存在“邻居效应”或社会传染现象。本研究探讨了焦点动物的行为模式与相邻社会群体的听觉信号之间是否存在关联。我们采用焦点群体抽样法，收集了关于10个社会群体中51只个体（25只雌性和26只雄性）的172.5小时数据。我们进行了双尾威尔科克森配对符号秩检验，以确定发声的相对频率（高与低）是否会影响行为。与以往研究一致，我们发现相邻社会群体发出的攻击性噪音和发声对焦组虚张声势展示、呼呼叫声和攻击行为的发生率有显著影响（P<0.05）。此外，我们还发现焦点群体中的梳理行为与发声之间以及相邻群体的梳理发声之间存在显著关联（P<0.05）。结果表明，社会传染不仅限于攻击性行为，也发生在亲和行为模式中。
