Transcriptional regulation of the human insulin receptor promoter.

The ability of the human insulin receptor promoter to direct expression of a linked chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene was assessed in transient transfections into HepG2 and Hela cells. A 5'-deletional analysis of the promoter showed that regions between -646 and -489 were important for the activity of the proximal promoter. In addition, a possible negative regulatory element was identified between -1311 and -877 and a positive element between -1823 and -1311. DNase I footprint and gel retardation analysis showed that multiple factors bind to the human insulin receptor promoter. In particular, DNase I protection patterns were observed over the Sp1 sites at -620 to -599 and -438 to -392, a TC box at -533, four homopyrimidine/homopurine sites clustered around -1150, and a site at -1420 that contains the motif TGGCCC which has been shown to bind the liver-specific transcription factor LF-A1.