Purification, characterization, and molecular cloning of a 60-kDa phosphoprotein in rabbit skeletal sarcoplasmic reticulum which is an isoform of phosphoglucomutase.

A 60-kDa substrate of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase in rabbit "heavy" skeletal sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) was characterized by purification and cDNA cloning. Purification was achieved by column chromatography using DEAE-Sephacel, heparin-agarose, and hydroxylapatite in 0.5% 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)-dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonic acid (CHAPS). Analyses of amino acid sequence and composition indicated that the CHAPS-soluble 60-kDa protein is an isoform of phosphoglucomutase (PGM). cDNAs encoding two isoforms of PGM were isolated from rabbit skeletal muscles. The translated amino acid sequences show that the isoforms, PGM1 and PGM2, differ in the N-terminal 77 amino acids and that PGM2 is identical to the 60-kDa protein in the SR. Northern blot analysis showed that the size of the mRNA encoding PGM2 is 2.4 kilobases. The PGM enzyme activity was markedly inhibited in SR membranes, while perturbation of the membranes with CHAPS or guanidine-HCl recovered the enzyme activity. KCl (0.15-1 M) led to a partial recovery of the enzyme activity suggesting that the charge interaction is not the primary force for PGM-SR interaction. PGM is localized in the heavy fraction of SR, where calsequestrin and Ca2+ release channel are enriched. Our results demonstrate that an isoform of PGM localized in junctional skeletal SR is the 60-kDa substrate of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase.