Extracellular nucleotides elevate [Ca2+]i in rat osteoblastic cells by interaction with two receptor subtypes.

Extracellular nucleotides, through interaction with specific cell-surface receptors, mediate a variety of biological responses, including elevation of cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in a number of cell types. The effects of nucleotides on [Ca2+]i in the rat osteoblastic cell line UMR-106 were studied by fluorescence spectrophotometry of indo-1-loaded cells. In response to ATP (100 microM), [Ca2+]i rose to peaks 228 +/- 16 nM (n = 59) above baseline (85 +/- 3 nM) before returning to near basal levels. Half-maximal elevation of [Ca2+]i was observed at an ATP concentration of 3 +/- 1 microM, consistent with a high-affinity interaction. The response arose primarily by release of Ca2+ from internal stores. UTP, ADP, and 2-methylthioadenosine 5'-triphosphate also induced Ca2+ transients, whereas adenosine, AMP, CTP, and TTP did not, demonstrating specificity. Responsiveness to adenosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) and inhibition by Mg2+ of the response to ATP indicated that signaling was not dependent on nucleotide hydrolysis. Ca2+ responses to ADP, ATP, and UTP, added sequentially or simultaneously, were consistent with the presence of two distinct P2-purinoceptor subtypes, both linked to Ca2+ mobilization. ADP appeared to interact selectively with one receptor, whereas ATP and UTP interacted selectively with the other. After maximal stimulation with ATP, subsequent responses to ATP were abolished. However, removal of ATP from the extracellular medium rapidly restored responsiveness, suggesting that, with continued receptor occupation, there is time-dependent inactivation of the Ca2+ signaling pathway. Our findings indicate that extracellular nucleotides elevate [Ca2+]i in osteoblastic cells through interaction with two receptor subtypes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)