del Río L A, Sandalio L M, Palma J M, Bueno P, Corpas F J
Unidad de Bioquímica Vegetal, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada, Spain.
Free Radic Biol Med. 1992 Nov;13(5):557-80. doi: 10.1016/0891-5849(92)90150-f.
Peroxisomes are subcellular respiratory organelles which contain catalase and H2O2-producing flavin oxidases as basic enzymatic constituents. These organelles have an essentially oxidative type of metabolism and have the potential to carry out different important metabolic pathways. In recent years the presence of different types of superoxide dismutase (SOD) have been demonstrated in peroxisomes from several plant species, and more recently the occurrence of SOD has been extended to peroxisomes from human and transformed yeast cells. A copper,zinc-containing SOD from plant peroxisomes has been purified and partially characterized. The production of hydroxyl and superoxide radicals has been studied in peroxisomes. There are two sites of O2- production in peroxisomes: (1) in the matrix, the generating system being xanthine oxidase; and (2) in peroxisomal membranes, dependent on reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), and the electron transport components of the peroxisomal membrane are possibly responsible. The generation of oxygen radicals in peroxisomes could have important effects on cellular metabolism. Diverse cellular implications of oxyradical metabolism in peroxisomes are discussed in relation to phenomena such as cell injury, peroxisomal genetic diseases, peroxisome proliferation and oxidative stress, metal and salt stress, catabolism of nucleic acids, senescence, and plant pathogenic processes.
过氧化物酶体是亚细胞呼吸细胞器，其含有过氧化氢酶和产生H2O2的黄素氧化酶作为基本酶成分。这些细胞器具有本质上的氧化代谢类型，并且有能力进行不同的重要代谢途径。近年来，在几种植物物种的过氧化物酶体中已证明存在不同类型的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD），最近SOD的存在已扩展到人类和转化酵母细胞的过氧化物酶体。一种来自植物过氧化物酶体的含铜、锌的SOD已被纯化并进行了部分表征。已对过氧化物酶体中羟基和超氧阴离子自由基的产生进行了研究。过氧化物酶体中有两个O2-产生位点：（1）在基质中，产生系统是黄嘌呤氧化酶；（2）在过氧化物酶体膜中，依赖于还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（NADH），过氧化物酶体膜的电子传递成分可能起作用。过氧化物酶体中氧自由基的产生可能对细胞代谢产生重要影响。本文讨论了过氧化物酶体中氧自由基代谢在细胞损伤、过氧化物酶体遗传病、过氧化物酶体增殖和氧化应激、金属和盐胁迫、核酸分解代谢、衰老以及植物致病过程等现象中的多种细胞影响。
