Hofmann F, Wehrle G, Berthold H, Köster D
Department of Occupational Health, University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany.
Vaccine. 1992;10 Suppl 1:S82-4. doi: 10.1016/0264-410x(92)90552-u.
Few studies have been carried out to evaluate the role of hepatitis A virus (HAV) as an occupational hazard. Our analysis of data on occupational diseases in Germany showed that hepatitis A ranks as third among infectious occupational diseases. Morbidity based on the frequency of compensation (15.2%) was in the same range as that observed for hepatitis B (19.7%). In another study, data were collected on anti-HAV prevalence among 2293 hospital workers in southwest Germany. Anti-HAV prevalence of hospital staff responsible for patient care and that of the general population were comparable, while food-handlers under the age of 30 years had a higher degree of anti-HAV prevalence. When an evaluation of anti-HAV prevalence data was carried out on persons younger than 30 years who comprised subsets of the medical staff, the relative risk was: charwomen 4.2, food-handlers 2.49, and paediatric nurses 1.84, showing that they had higher prevalence rates than nurses 1.25, physicians 1.09 and laboratory assistants 0.93. Vaccinations for the prevention of hepatitis A should therefore reach individuals that have an increased occupational risk: food-handlers, health care workers in infectious diseases and paediatrics, medical staff in laboratories handling stool samples, medical charwomen and, according to previously published work, staff of day care centres and sewerage workers.
很少有研究评估甲型肝炎病毒（HAV）作为一种职业危害的作用。我们对德国职业病数据的分析表明，甲型肝炎在传染性职业病中排名第三。基于补偿频率的发病率（15.2%）与乙型肝炎的发病率（19.7%）处于同一范围。在另一项研究中，收集了德国西南部2293名医院工作人员的抗-HAV流行率数据。负责患者护理的医院工作人员的抗-HAV流行率与普通人群相当，而30岁以下的食品处理人员的抗-HAV流行率较高。当对30岁以下的医务人员子集进行抗-HAV流行率数据评估时，相对风险为：女杂工4.2、食品处理人员2.49和儿科护士1.84，表明他们的流行率高于护士1.25、医生1.09和实验室助理0.93。因此，预防甲型肝炎的疫苗接种应覆盖职业风险增加的人群：食品处理人员、传染病和儿科的医护人员、处理粪便样本的实验室医务人员、医院女杂工，以及根据先前发表的研究，日托中心工作人员和污水处理工人。
