dos-Santos M C, Gonçalves L R, Fortes-Dias C L, Cury Y, Gutiérrez J M, Furtado M de F
Departamento de Imunologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil.
Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 1992 Mar-Apr;34(2):77-83.
Myonecrosis is one of the effects of Bothrops jararacussu venom, from which a myotoxin was isolated showing structural homology to phospholipase A2 (PLA2), but without enzymatic activity. Such myotoxic activity is also present in the Crotalus durissus terrifucus venom, and is attributed to crotoxin and to PLA2 (crotoxin B), the basic component of the crotoxin complex. The Bothrops jararacussu venom showed three proteins with immunologic identity to PLA2 from crotoxin. The bothropic (AB) and the bothropic/crotalic (AB/C) anti-venoms, two commercial polyvalent anti-venoms produced at Instituto Butantan, were compared in order to assess their capacity for neutralization of the lethal, hemorrhagic, coagulant and myotoxic activities of Bothrops jararacussu venom. Both anti-venoms showed the same level of hemorrhagic activity neutralization. However, AB/C was about three times more efficient than AB in neutralizing the myotoxic activity, and two times more potent for neutralization of lethality and coagulant activity of Bothrops jararacussu venom. These data suggest that the use of AB/C could be of value in the treatment of patients bitten by snakes of this species.
肌坏死是巴西矛头蝮蛇毒的作用之一，从该蛇毒中分离出一种肌毒素，其结构与磷脂酶A2（PLA2）具有同源性，但无酶活性。这种肌毒性活性也存在于南美响尾蛇毒液中，且归因于响尾蛇毒素和响尾蛇毒素复合物的基本成分PLA2（响尾蛇毒素B）。巴西矛头蝮蛇毒显示出三种与响尾蛇毒素中的PLA2具有免疫同一性的蛋白质。为了评估它们对巴西矛头蝮蛇毒的致死、出血、凝血和肌毒性活性的中和能力，对两种商业多价抗蛇毒血清——Butantan研究所生产的巴西矛头蝮（AB）抗蛇毒血清和巴西矛头蝮/南美响尾蛇（AB/C）抗蛇毒血清进行了比较。两种抗蛇毒血清显示出相同水平的出血活性中和能力。然而，AB/C在中和肌毒性活性方面比AB高效约三倍，在中和巴西矛头蝮蛇毒的致死性和凝血活性方面效力高两倍。这些数据表明，使用AB/C可能对治疗被该物种蛇咬伤的患者有价值。
