[Urinary tract infections during the 1st month after kidney transplantation].

The incidence and the predisposal factors of urinary tract infections (UTI) in the first month post-transplant were studied in 255 kidney transplantations (252 patients). UTI episodes were demonstrated in 73.7% of the grafts. The most common organisms were: Escherichia coli (35.8%), Staphylococcus (33.6%), Streptococcus D (11.2%), Klebsiella (5.3%). The infectious episodes were recurrent in 39% of the cases. The majority of the UTIs were asymptomatic but 7% of the infections led to septicaemia. Etiology of end-stage renal disease, pre-graft binephrectomy, asymptomatic vesicoureteral reflux into the patient's own kidneys, type of immunosuppressive treatment, acute tubular necrosis, rejection episodes, urological complications, coexistent other infections were not predisposal factors. Bacteriuria was more frequent in female than in male patients. The incidence of UTI was found to be statistically increased with history of UTI preoperatively (p = 0.039) and the use of ureteral catheter (p = 0.018). Occurrence of UTI was less common when the donor was treated by antibiotics before brain death (p-0.025). These results provide additional support for regular monitoring of urine cultures in the first month post-transplant. They should help to identify means of reduction of this infectious risk.