Szołtys M
Department of Animal Physiology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
J Physiol Pharmacol. 1992 Dec;43(4 Suppl 1):51-6.
In the ovary steroids are produced by the follicles, corpora lutea and interstitial cells. In the follicle a substantial steroid production starts after the antrum formation and the main steroid produced is estradiol which supports folliculogenesis. Its content rises as the follicle grows. In the preovulatory period of time estradiol, released in a great amount into the circulation, triggers the ovulation inducing discharge of LH from the pituitary gland. Afterwards the follicle stops producing estradiol and androgens and starts to form progesterone. Such a swish in steroid synthesis is a universal feature for many species investigated. The results of experiments suggest that this swish is due to the inhibition of androgen production and a subsequent decline of aromatase activity. After ovulation progesterone synthesis is continued by corpus luteum (CL). The pattern of steroids produced by CL depends upon the stage of luteal phase and upon the species investigated. In the pig newly formed CL contain little steroids. The highest progesterone and androgen content is characteristic for mature and midway CL. In regressing CL progesterone and androgen concentrations drop while estradiol reaches its highest level. Steroid synthesis is modulated by gonadotropins and steroids.
在卵巢中，类固醇由卵泡、黄体和间质细胞产生。在卵泡中，腔形成后开始大量产生类固醇，产生的主要类固醇是雌二醇，它支持卵泡生成。随着卵泡生长，其含量增加。在排卵前期，大量释放到循环中的雌二醇触发排卵，诱导垂体释放促黄体生成素。之后，卵泡停止产生雌二醇和雄激素，开始形成孕酮。类固醇合成中的这种转变是许多被研究物种的普遍特征。实验结果表明，这种转变是由于雄激素产生的抑制以及随后芳香化酶活性的下降。排卵后，黄体继续合成孕酮。黄体产生的类固醇模式取决于黄体期的阶段以及所研究的物种。在猪中，新形成的黄体含有的类固醇很少。孕酮和雄激素含量最高是成熟和中期黄体的特征。在退化的黄体中，孕酮和雄激素浓度下降，而雌二醇达到最高水平。类固醇合成受促性腺激素和类固醇调节。
