Leigh R J
Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
Baillieres Clin Neurol. 1992 Aug;1(2):393-416.
Nystagmus is a common finding in patients with disease affecting the brain stem and cerebellum. Basic research into mechanisms that normally control eye movements has led to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of different types of acquired nystagmus. Nystagmus is caused by disorders of the mechanisms that normally function to hold gaze steady: the vestibular system, the gaze-holding mechanism, the visual stabilization system and the smooth pursuit system. Thus, evaluation of a patient's nystagmus requires a systematic examination of each functional class of eye movements. In addition, it is important to determine the direction of the nystagmus for different angles of gaze and head positions, and the effects of monocular and binocular visual fixation upon the nystagmus. Measurement of the nystagmus waveform, using reliable methodology, is often helpful in securing a diagnosis. Such measurements help differentiate acquired nystagmus from congenital forms of nystagmus and from saccadic disorders that lead to instability of gaze.
眼球震颤是患有影响脑干和小脑疾病患者的常见表现。对正常控制眼球运动机制的基础研究，有助于更好地理解不同类型后天性眼球震颤的发病机制。眼球震颤是由正常维持注视稳定功能的机制紊乱引起的，这些机制包括前庭系统、注视稳定机制、视觉稳定系统和平滑跟踪系统。因此，对患者眼球震颤的评估需要对眼球运动的每个功能类别进行系统检查。此外，确定不同注视角度和头部位置时眼球震颤的方向，以及单眼和双眼视觉固定对眼球震颤的影响也很重要。使用可靠方法测量眼球震颤波形，通常有助于确诊。这些测量有助于区分后天性眼球震颤与先天性眼球震颤形式以及导致注视不稳定的扫视障碍。
