Siniarska A, Antoszewska A, Dziewiecki C
Department of Human Ecology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw.
Stud Hum Ecol. 1992;10:335-58.
The paper concerns the biological status of the Polish population. A comparison was made for inhabitants of towns, villages, and areas under different levels of industrialization and environmental pollution. It has been found that urban populations as compared with rural ones were characterized by a smaller number of children within a family, higher natural abortion rate, and higher infant mortality (estimated during the first 24 hours of life). An analysis of birth rate in three groups of birth weight has shown that rural habitats were more suitable for prenatal development than urban habitats, as a higher proportion of newborns had optimum body weight at birth in villages. It has been observed that the biological status of fetus (estimated as the body weight at birth) depended on the socio-economic conditions (a relatively high birth rate with optimum body weight in the first half of the 1970s, and a low birth rate in the years of the social crisis in Poland in 1981-82). Moreover, it has been found that in agricultural areas relatively little polluted (the Suwałki region), birth rate and total mortality were high, respiratory traits reached highest values, and blood pressure was low as compared with values of these traits in other areas of Poland. The inhabitants of industrial centers (Puchaczów, Bukowno) were exposed to heavier environmental pollution than the rural population, and at Puchaczów they were characterized by a short stature and low body weight. The seaside region (Jastarnia) was over-crowded and also affected by the pollution of the Puck Bay. Both these factors could account for a high mortality and emigration rate. Inhabitants of the areas being industrialized (Bełchatów) were characterized by a low total mortality, below average for infants, poor development of the respiratory system, but a high psychomotor fitness. In the city of Lódź and in Strzemieszyce, environmental pollution was very high, which was combined with a very high total mortality, and in Lódź also with a high infant mortality. In Strzemieszyce, the values of some physiological traits such as Hb and HR were increased.
该论文关注波兰人口的生物学状况。对城镇、乡村以及不同工业化水平和环境污染程度地区的居民进行了比较。研究发现，与农村人口相比，城市人口的家庭子女数量较少、自然流产率较高以及婴儿死亡率较高（出生后24小时内估算）。对三组出生体重的出生率分析表明，农村环境比城市环境更适合胎儿发育，因为农村出生时体重处于最佳状态的新生儿比例更高。据观察，胎儿的生物学状况（以出生体重估算）取决于社会经济条件（20世纪70年代上半叶出生体重处于最佳状态的出生率相对较高，而1981 - 1982年波兰社会危机期间出生率较低）。此外，研究发现，在污染相对较少的农业地区（苏瓦乌基地区），出生率和总死亡率较高，呼吸特征达到最高值，与波兰其他地区相比血压较低。工业中心（普哈乔夫、布科沃诺）的居民比农村人口面临更严重的环境污染，在普哈乔夫，他们的特点是身材矮小和体重较轻。沿海地区（亚斯塔尔尼亚）人口过度密集，也受到普克湾污染的影响。这两个因素都可能导致高死亡率和高移民率。工业化地区（贝乌哈托夫）的居民总死亡率较低，婴儿死亡率低于平均水平，呼吸系统发育不良，但心理运动适应性较高。在罗兹市和斯特热米谢，环境污染非常严重，这与极高的总死亡率相关，在罗兹还与高婴儿死亡率相关。在斯特热米谢，一些生理特征如血红蛋白和心率的值有所升高。
