Petroski R J, Powell R G, Clay K
U.S.D.A., Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, Illinois 61604.
Nat Toxins. 1992;1(2):84-8. doi: 10.1002/nt.2620010205.
Stipa robusta (= Stipa vaseyi) is a perennial grass found in certain areas of the southwestern United States. It is commonly known as sleepygrass, as horses that ingest this grass may become profoundly somnolent or stuporous for periods of time lasting up to several days. In an attempt to determine the active principle(s), fractionation of a methanolic extract of sleepygrass infected with an Acremonium endophyte has yielded lysergic acid amide (20 micrograms/g dry wt), isolysergic amide (8), 8-hydroxylsergic acid amide (0.3), ergonovine (7), chanoclavine-I (15), and N-formylloline (18). Related alkaloids have been found in many endophyte-infected grasses. The dominant alkaloid constituent in sleepygrass, lysergic acid amide, has not previously been identified in a grass in such high concentration. Lysergic acid amide is likely to be the basis for the extreme sedative effects on animals, given past pharmacological work on the compound from the ergot fungus Claviceps paspali.
粗壮针茅（= 瓦氏针茅）是一种多年生草本植物，生长在美国西南部的某些地区。它通常被称为嗜睡草，因为食用这种草的马可能会在长达数天的时间里陷入深度嗜睡或昏迷状态。为了确定其活性成分，对感染了顶孢霉内生菌的嗜睡草甲醇提取物进行分离，得到了麦角酸酰胺（20微克/克干重）、异麦角酰胺（8）、8-羟基麦角酸酰胺（0.3）、麦角新碱（7）、棒麦角素-I（15）和N-甲酰麦角灵（18）。在许多感染内生菌的草中都发现了相关生物碱。嗜睡草中的主要生物碱成分麦角酸酰胺，此前在草中尚未发现有如此高的浓度。鉴于过去对来自雀稗麦角菌的该化合物的药理研究，麦角酸酰胺可能是对动物产生极端镇静作用的基础。
