The identification of sex in the starling Sturnus vulgaris using a molecular DNA technique.

Female birds can be identified through the presence of a W-chromosome. We describe a procedure for amplifying a W-linked DNA marker in the starling (Sturnus vulgaris) by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) so allowing the diagnosis of sex in this species. The technique is sensitive, allowing even the smallest chicks to be sexed from a blood sample. The method possesses a positive internal control to ensure accuracy. It is also applicable to the spotless starling (S. unicolor) but not to two bird species outside the genus. The nucleotide sequence of the female-specific PCR product is given.