Volpicelli J R, Alterman A I, Hayashida M, O'Brien C P
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1992 Nov;49(11):876-80. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820110040006.
Seventy male alcohol-dependent patients participated in a 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of naltrexone hydrochloride (50 mg/d) as an adjunct to treatment following alcohol detoxification. Subjects taking naltrexone reported significantly less alcohol craving and days in which any alcohol was consumed. During the 12-week study, only 23% of the naltrexone-treated subjects met the criteria for a relapse, whereas 54.3% of the placebo-treated subjects relapsed. The primary effect of naltrexone was seen in patients who drank any alcohol while attending outpatient treatment. Nineteen (95%) of the 20 placebo-treated patients relapsed after they sampled alcohol, while only eight (50%) of 16 naltrexone-treated patients exposed to alcohol met relapse criteria. Naltrexone was not associated with mood changes or other psychiatric symptoms. Significant side effects (nausea) occurred in two naltrexone-treated subjects, and one naltrexone-treated subject complained of increased pain from arthritis. These results suggest that naltrexone may be a safe and effective adjunct to treatment in alcohol-dependent subjects, particularly in preventing alcohol relapse.
70名男性酒精依赖患者参与了一项为期12周的双盲、安慰剂对照试验，该试验将盐酸纳曲酮（50毫克/天）作为酒精脱毒后治疗的辅助药物。服用纳曲酮的受试者报告称，酒精渴望及饮酒天数显著减少。在为期12周的研究中，接受纳曲酮治疗的受试者中只有23%符合复发标准，而接受安慰剂治疗的受试者中有54.3%复发。纳曲酮的主要疗效见于在接受门诊治疗时饮酒的患者。20名接受安慰剂治疗的患者中有19名（95%）在饮酒后复发，而16名接触酒精的接受纳曲酮治疗的患者中只有8名（50%）符合复发标准。纳曲酮与情绪变化或其他精神症状无关。两名接受纳曲酮治疗的受试者出现了显著的副作用（恶心），一名接受纳曲酮治疗的受试者抱怨关节炎疼痛加剧。这些结果表明，纳曲酮可能是酒精依赖受试者治疗的一种安全有效的辅助药物，尤其是在预防酒精复发方面。
