HAFF R F, SWIM H E
J Gen Physiol. 1957 Sep 20;41(1):91-100. doi: 10.1085/jgp.41.1.91.
Strain RM3-56 of rabbit fibroblasts was found to require arginine, cystine, glutamine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and valine for growth in a medium containing 2 per cent dialyzed serum as the only undefined component. The requirement for serine is less specific than that of the other 13 amino acids and it is partially replaced by glycine, or alanine, or by several combinations of so called accessory amino acids. The concentrations of essential amino acids which permit maximal proliferation range from 0.005 to 0.3 mM. Cystine, glutamine, lysine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine are toxic at concentrations of 5 mM. The rate of proliferation of RM3-56 in a medium containing all 14 essential amino acids is increased significantly by the addition of alanine and to a lesser extent by the addition of aspartic and glutamic acids and glycine. A deficiency of cystine or glutamine results in cellular degeneration within 3 to 5 days, whereas the cells remain in good condition for 2 to 3 weeks in the absence of each of the remaining 12 essential amino acids. The results obtained with RM3-56 are compared with strains HeLa, L, and U12, whose amino acid requirements have been investigated under similar conditions.
发现兔成纤维细胞系RM3 - 56在含有2%透析血清作为唯一未定义成分的培养基中生长时，需要精氨酸、胱氨酸、谷氨酰胺、组氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、酪氨酸和缬氨酸。对丝氨酸的需求不如其他13种氨基酸那样具有特异性，它可部分地被甘氨酸、丙氨酸或几种所谓辅助氨基酸的组合所替代。允许最大增殖的必需氨基酸浓度范围为0.005至0.3 mM。胱氨酸、谷氨酰胺、赖氨酸、色氨酸、酪氨酸、缬氨酸在浓度为5 mM时具有毒性。在含有所有14种必需氨基酸的培养基中，添加丙氨酸可显著提高RM3 - 56的增殖速率，添加天冬氨酸、谷氨酸和甘氨酸在较小程度上也有此作用。缺乏胱氨酸或谷氨酰胺会导致细胞在3至5天内退化，而在缺乏其余12种必需氨基酸中的每一种时，细胞在2至3周内仍保持良好状态。将RM3 - 所获得的结果与HeLa、L和U12细胞系进行了比较，后者的氨基酸需求已在类似条件下进行了研究。 56细胞系
